1. Newark Killings Spur Bosses' Fight for Fascist Control
2. Stop Racist Railroading of the Jena 6
3. Mortgage Crisis:Capitalism's Bankruptcy Rips Off Workers
4. `BUSINESS CYCLE' = CRISIS, PANIC, FRENZY
5. LIBERALS: MAKE LITTLE BOSSES AND WORKERS PAY
6. IMPERIALIST WAR ONLY WAY OUT FOR RULERS
7. Hip-Hop: Rapping to the Bosses' Beat
8. Underground Hip-Hop Still Under Capitalism
9. Only `Secure Pension' Is Communist Revolution
10. GI's Anti-War Sentiments, Actions Worry Brass
11. Fight Columbia University's Racist Expansion Into Harlem
12. Convention Shows Vets Winnable to Anti-imperialism
13. Brass Laments Workers' Lack of Passion for Bosses' Wars
14. Anti-Racists Blast LyingAnti-Arab Attacks
15. Racists Scapegoat LA Hospital to Junk Workers' Healthcare
16. Black Factory Worker on CHALLENGE: `Man, it's all true!'
17. New Orleans: `Volunteerism not enough -- we need a revolution...'
18. LA, Baghdad, New Orleans: Fight Racist Hospital Closings
19. Letters
    1. Immigrants Also Super-exploited in Spain
    2. `A Dirty Little Secret': Poisoning 10 Million Japanese
    3. Disagrees with `Potter' Review
    4. Chavez No Solution for Workers
    5. Vets Expose Liberals' Patriotism
    6. Detroit Rebellion `Shaped my life...'
20. REDEYE
    1. NY Communist wrote `Strange Fruit'
    2. History tries to erase Red successes
    3. US policy remains: Bases and Oil
    4. Vets can't get old jobs back
    5. Dems also follow corporate money
21. PLP History: Fighting Fascists in Boston Busing Struggle
    1. PLP CHALLENGES `ROAR'
22. `SICKO' Ignores Racism, Helps Ailing Bosses

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Newark Killings Spur Bosses' Fight for Fascist Control

NEWARK, NJ, August 20 -- PLP, joined by workers and students from Newark and neighboring towns, led a militant multi-racial demonstration to fight the racist attacks of Republican presidential candidate and Minuteman supporter Tom Tancredo who held a press conference on the steps of City Hall here today. A week after the murder of three black college students in Newark (see CHALLENGE, 9/5), Tancredo came here to push more anti-Latino racism to divide black and Latin workers.

Tancredo said Newark politicians had "blood on their hands" because Newark is a "sanctuary" city. City ordinances prohibit police officers from checking the immigration status of people unless they are arrested. City employees cannot report undocumented immigrants to federal authorities. Tancredo and his fellow gutter racists came to urge the families of those who were murdered to sue the city for negligence because of the "sanctuary" ordinances.

Tancredo's approach is not what the liberal rulers, led by Newark Mayor Corey Booker, want. They believe that "community policing," building a stronger "trust" between the immigrant community and the police, is a better way to win all workers to a fascist pro-police outlook.

Of course, it is ridiculous for a long-time racist like Tancredo to pose as a defender of black families. Behind Tancredo is fascist John Tanton, who blames immigrants for overpopulation, and money from right-wing billionaire Richard Mellon Scaife (see "The Puppeteer" at splcenter.org). The Federation of American Immigration Reform (FAIR), one of many anti-immigrant groups started by Tanton, received over $1 million from the pro-Nazi Pioneer Fund that also promoted the "Bell Curve" a racist book that labeled black workers as being too "ignorant" to deserve decent living conditions.

But these racists have very little support in Newark compared to Booker and those behind him. Booker defended his immigration policy by saying that Tancredo's plan would create "a chill in which often the most marginalized and vulnerable citizens in my city do not feel comfortable engaging with the police." As Booker himself stated at a community meeting, he is 100% behind community policing. This program enlists "community leaders" to teach workers to "cooperate" with the police by snitching on other workers. Booker wants lots more cops while Newark lays off hundreds of other city workers. His plan is more dangerous than Tancredo's gutter racism.

As if to prove this point, two days after Tancredo's press conference, super-liberal Attorney General Anne Milgram ordered immigration checks by police in all arrests for indictable offenses and drunk driving. At the same time, she prohibited immigration checks on crime victims, witnesses, or people reporting a crime. This plan fits community policing goals, while simultaneously forcing local cops to work more closely with Homeland Security (HS).

Milgram also encouraged other New Jersey cities to apply for federal permission to deputize local cops for immigration purposes. This is the HS program that racist Morristown Mayor Cresitello supports. As part of the growth of fascism, they need to increasingly bring local cops under the control of the federal government and create centralized databases to control immigrant and other workers.

Speakers at our rally (picture above) pointed to police brutality, racist unemployment, imperialist war, and capitalist culture, not immigrants, as the real problems facing Newark residents. We put forward the only solution for the working class to these problems -- getting rid of the capitalist system that causes them with communist revolution. We had good conversations with workers walking by. Many agreed with our politics and bought CHALLENGE. We should have done more in our speeches to attack the liberal rulers -- the main section of the bosses who know that, in a period of increasing war, they need to gain the loyalty of the working class, including immigrants. By building class consciousness and communist politics at work, in churches, and in the schools, we can expose the bosses' agenda and recruit to PLP.

Stop Racist Railroading of the Jena 6

JENA, LOUISIANA, September 3 -- Six black high school students are being framed here and one, Mychal Bell, has already been convicted by a racist judge and jury without calling any witnesses. On September 20, he faces a 22-year prison term, all for daring to stand up to racism. Initial charges of "attempted murder" have been "reduced" to "aggravated second-degree battery" and "conspiracy" which together add up to the 22 years.

Black students at Jena High sat under what had been "reserved" as a "White Only Tree." Soon three nooses were found hanging from the tree, a signal for lynching black people. On September 1, 2006, dozens of black students protested the nooses by standing together under the tree. At a student assembly, a district attorney threatened the protesting students, declaring he could "take away their lives with the stroke of a pen."

Later, a racist jumped a black youth going to a party. Then a black youth was arrested after disarming a racist who threatened him with a gun. A fight erupted between white and black students and six black youths were arrested and charged initially with "attempted murder." Anti-racists nationwide are headed for Jena for the September 20 sentencing of Mychal Bell to protest this racist railroading.

PLP supports this anti-racist struggle, which is part of the growing racist attacks suffered by black, Latino and immigrant workers and youth across the country, linked to the endless war for oil profits. We must raise this fight against racist and fascist terror in our unions, schools, churches and mass organizations. (For source of anti-lynch song "Strange Fruit," see Red Eye, page 7)

Mortgage Crisis:Capitalism's Bankruptcy Rips Off Workers

The global financial crisis sparked by the subprime mortgage collapse exposes one of capitalism's basic failures. (The "subprime" term refers to home-buyers being "teased" with initial below-market interest rates, only to be hit with much higher rates after several years, resulting in their inability to pay their mortgages and loss of their homes.) Capitalism's vaunted "free" markets, supposedly the "fairest" and "most efficient" means of allocating wealth and resources, turns out to be dens of thieves. Financiers, seeking maximum profits, continually invent ways to cheat one another -- and workers.

It's a story as old as the profit system itself. Details change, but the basic plot continues: Investors bid up a new, overvalued financial product. Some get rich. But, eventually, big capitalists get burned and burst the bubble. The economy slows. Stocks plunge. Companies shrink, go under, or get swallowed up by larger ones. Workers lose jobs. The bigger bosses then consolidate their economic and political control by wiping out or disciplining rival "offenders."

`BUSINESS CYCLE' = CRISIS, PANIC, FRENZY

The 1980's junk-bond frenzy, Enron's fatal venture into "derivatives" -- highly risky complex financial contracts; WorldCom's "cooking the books" to inflate the value of their shares; and the dot.com mania all followed this pattern. In the current subprime scam, lenders (both established banks and upstarts) wrote mortgages for workers who had no chance of paying them off. The lenders then packaged these loans with other "securities" and sold them off to major investors throughout the world. When financial titans like U.S. Goldman Sach's, French Societe Generale and British Barclays realized they were holding a lot of worthless paper, they shut down the racket by tightening credit.

Modernization compounded the problem. A broker in Kansas could sell suspect loans online, sight unseen, to another in Paris in seconds. And buyers snapped them up on the recommendation of computerized mathematical models, without inspecting properties or interviewing borrowers.

The fallout is hitting the fan worldwide. Investors face a volatile, uncertain future. Stock markets from New York to Tokyo have been gyrating wildly as companies disclose their various degrees of subprime exposure. Multi-billion-dollar subprime-entangled hedge funds at Bear Stearns and Goldman Sachs have imploded. U.S. home sales and prices are dropping, while housing and related industries account for almost 25% of gross domestic product.

Consequently, more and more workers face unemployment and eviction. The U.S. mortgage industry has lost 40,000 jobs already. According to the Center for Responsible Lending, two million U.S. workers will lose their homes to foreclosure. At the end of July, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that 50,000 jobs were lost in the past year among furniture retailers, building-material and garden-supply stores and residential-building finishing contractors. Industries from railroads to chemicals are feeling the effects of the slowdown and laying off workers.

The crisis hits black and Latino workers particularly hard since racist practices victimized them initially with higher mortgage interest rates and home prices as well as greater risk for unemployment. Deutsche Bank economists estimate that 500,000 undocumented Latino construction workers lost their jobs in the U.S. last year (Wall Street Journal, 8/29), decreasing the funds sent back home to Mexico and Central America, affecting those economies as well. (Nearly three million Latino workers account for 25% of the U.S. construction industry workforce.)

The current panic speeds the trend. Tens of millions of workers outside housing and related sectors are also at risk. Pension systems place most of their funds in the increasingly shaky stock and bond markets.

LIBERALS: MAKE LITTLE BOSSES AND WORKERS PAY

U.S. rulers are debating ways to resolve this mortgage mess. The Bush gang wants a general bailout of all lenders, big and small. Bush's Federal Reserve recently lowered one of its key lending rates and eased lending limits at Bank of America and Citigroup, which enable the little guys to function. BoA, for example, subsequently pumped $2 billion into troubled upstart Countrywide Financial. Liberals, on the other hand, demand a purge of the small fry and stricter regulation by more powerful capitalists. Commenting on the Fed's moves, the New York Times August 28 editorial said, "Bailouts are tolerable only if...they're followed by punishing wrongdoers and imposing new rules and procedures that help to ensure that the same problems will not happen again." Establishment firms, including Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch, are waist-deep in bad mortgages. But the Times ran a long article (8/26) demonizing Angelo Mozilo, CEO of newcomer Countrywide as the root of all subprime evils. Mozilo, son of a Bronx butcher, first got rich in Florida in the 1960s by peddling mortgages to NASA's new employees at Cape Canaveral.

IMPERIALIST WAR ONLY WAY OUT FOR RULERS

The subprime debacle intensifies the growing rivalry among the world's imperialists. For one thing, it heightens the dollar-euro clash since both U.S. and European investors stand to lose. And a squeeze on profits at home puts further pressure on U.S. rulers to seize full control of the oil-rich Middle East. War, after all, is the capitalists' other favorite method for divvying up wealth and resources. A system that indiscriminately robs workers of their homes and livelihoods, as it subjects their children to war's horrors, has no right to exist. With bloodbaths widening on Wall Street and in Iraq, building for communist revolution holds far more promise for our class than any scheme the bosses can offer. If capitalists can't trust one another, why should we trust them?

Hip-Hop: Rapping to the Bosses' Beat

The attentive listener to hip-hop music finds the message "I am better than you" throughout the art form. From Rakim and KRS in the `80s, through Tupac and Biggie in the `90s, to Jay-Z, T.I. and the rest today, great rappers hammer this point home as they spin tales of "money, power and respect." This "me-first" approach to life is deadly for the working class since it leads us to fight amongst ourselves instead of collectively against the bosses.

But capitalist culture also means the movies, the news, the TV, the music, and the ways we relate to each other. All these forms of culture serve the needs of a capitalist ruling class to chain the working class to their ideas, particularly individualism. So why focus on hip-hop as a bosses' tool? 

The evolving Don Imus affair, where the black women of the Rutgers University basketball team were insulted on a nation-wide radio broadcast in horrible, racist terms, must not be forgotten. Imus may get his job back because racism still sells. Backlash against black entertainers who dish out their disgustingly racist and sexist statements and NAACP funerals for the "n-word" also deflect attention away from the source of such filth -- U.S. capitalism and its 400-year history of racism and sexism. We must critique rap music because many well-meaning individuals both inside and outside PLP fall for the nationalist trap of failing to sharply denounce hip-hop's bad ideas for fear of seeming racist. Finally, black youth are a key potential force for revolution. Our Party has a responsibility to lead the way in rejecting the racist face black youth are given in popular culture because we see something more, we see future leaders and fighters for a communist world. The sooner all youth make a break with the individualism endemic to hip-hop and all bourgeois culture the closer we will be to revolution.  

Racism and sexism are primary tools used by the bosses to divide the working class and keep us oppressed. Capitalists own and control the major record labels and brand names that shower millions on rap artists. It makes sense that mainstream hip-hop helps to perpetuate ideologies that will keep the capitalists in power. Hip-hop helps to criminalize young black men by elevating drug dealers and pimps like 50 Cent and Snoop as archetypes of black manhood. Even Kanye West, who criticized Bush after Katrina, leaves today's youth in a dead-end dream-world to be achieved "as soon as I get my money." Most hip-hop videos on TV cast women as sex objects. Many rappers, from Jay-Z to Common, blame women for the downfall of men, rather than blame the capitalist system.  

While the rap battles and feuds that go back to the Bronx vs. Queens in the `80s, Tupac vs. Biggie in the `90s or Nas vs. Jay-Z more recently may make for exciting lyrics (and real-life gun fights), the words and bullets are aimed at the wrong enemy. Rap artists are de facto leaders in black America. If these so-called black leaders put as much thought and planning into shooting at the bosses as they do into shooting at each other they would deserve our respect.

Racism, sexism and individualism undercut working-class consciousness and mass activism, but even for the bosses this causes problems. Young people today are so won to individualism that the concept of serving anything larger than one's self is quite rare. The capitalist concept of serving the nation is as foreign to many youth as the communist concept of serving the people. This is no good for a ruling class facing increasing rivalry and tangled in an endless occupation of the Middle East. This need to build loyalty to the state is behind the recent campaigns against the "n-word" and to "vote or die." These campaigns' failure to take root in the consciousness of working-class black youth indicates that more meaningful leadership is required. Our Party seeks to be the vehicle for that leadership. We have a mission for all the millions of angry youth -- to reject individualism and replace it with loyalty to the international working class and to the fight for communism.

Our working class is desperately in need of a new culture. Where the bosses' culture is racist, ours must be anti-racist. Where it is sexist, ours must build unity between men and women. Where it teaches selfishness, our culture must constantly remind us of the meaning we can find fighting back together. While there are some undercurrents of counter-culture in hip-hop today, they remain under the sway of individualism and nationalist politics that obscure the class struggle. Our communist movement seeks to grow into a force that will inspire underground rappers with new vision, new vocabulary and new power. The battles in our cultural struggle will be won by fighting capitalist ways of interacting with our friends, criticizing capitalist culture, and making our own culture, like the recent PLP poetry book. In this fight and others, join us!

Underground Hip-Hop Still Under Capitalism

The vast majority of hip-hop music is never played on the radio so some workers and youth believe that Underground hip-hop can generally have a good political message. However, even countercultures are dominated by capitalist ideas.

Most underground that parades itself around as "conscious" is filled with nationalist ideas. Dead Prez's songs that attack the "white man's" schools and media build the illusion that if black bosses were in control workers would be better off. Talib Kweli and Mos Def's "Black Star" album saluted the businesses of Marcus Garvey who was as exploitative as any white capitalist and did little to change the horrid living conditions facing black workers in Harlem. On top of this, most Underground mimics the mainstream and perpetuates sexist and individualistic messages.

While it may seem overly negative to focus on the weaknesses of Underground rappers, it is important to remember that they can profoundly influence workers to support capitalism through dead-end reform. We need a culture and rappers who are rooted in the communist movement of the PLP to change this.

Only `Secure Pension' Is Communist Revolution

PHILADELPHIA, August 21 -- "So what we gonna do?" asked the hospital ward clerk with fear in her eyes, referring to the latest development in the pension crisis for Local 1199C hospital workers here. She was concerned particularly about the pension problem. But her fear is universal for all workers, especially as we age: Do workers have any security under capitalism?

For a short time union workers at this hospital would probably have answered, "yes." Like this ward clerk, workers believed that if they could survive decade after decade of short-staffing, racism, sexism and layoffs, that they would ultimately reach that "Promised Land" of retirement on a pension.

Our union comprises largely black workers, especially women. Despite the latest cutbacks, our pension is still relatively high. In a city where so many black workers suffer horrible racist poverty, this pension seemed like a "permanent" golden promise to the aging nursing assistants and dietary, laundry and custodial workers.

But capitalism's inevitable patterns of war and fascism always smash workers' hopes and dreams. According to the U.S. Congressional Budget Office, the Iraq War costs $6 billion a month, about $200 million daily. U.S. capitalists also face increasing competition from rivals in Asia, Russia and Europe. This drives the bosses to stomp down labor costs like our wages and benefits. This is happening currently to retired autoworkers. Like our brothers and sisters working in basic industries, hospital workers' jobs and benefits are also under attack.

The Federal Pension Reform Act of 2006 requires that pensions be 80% funded permanently. Previously, pensions could be funded less than 100% as long as it appeared their liabilities could be covered over a 20-year period. Now, should pension funding fall below 80%, the employer has three choices:

(1) Increase the amount paid into the pension fund;

(2) Seek to reduce pension benefits;

(3) Discontinue the plan.

In response, our union leadership proposed we vote to divert 1% of the 3% wage raise due this past July 1 to the union Pension Fund to supposedly help keep the pension better funded. Only a small percentage of the 900 union members voted, but the majority did vote to divert the 1%. Nonetheless, the bosses of this hospital and another large teaching hospital refused to divert it.

The union members are now discussing our next step. However, most have no idea how our pensions or health benefits are funded. Many believe these benefits come from union dues. They don't know that the boss pays a certain percentage of the gross payroll to fund them. And many workers don't realize that the union members preceding them fought hard for these pension and health benefits.

Some of the 1199C members are beginning discussions in the locker-rooms and cafeterias on how we can educate union members on this issue, members who are quite intelligent but thanks to capitalism don't have great reading skills. Many who can read lack the confidence that they can understand and explain these things. One housekeeper emphasized that small meetings will be essential.

The uneven development and passivity among the members are also hotly debated. "They're f-----g scared!" complains a dietary worker. This provokes a heated debate about how we assess the members and their potential to become a militant fighting organization.

More troubling questions remain, even if we develop the understanding and militancy needed to protect

_our pension. Do we really understand that, under capitalism, workers may win some victories, but the bosses must always try to take them away? After all, this pension fight is to protect something we were supposed to have already won. Do we understand that all pension funds are invested in the bosses' stock market? From July 23-27 alone, the stock market lost 4-7% of its value. This means that even if we succeed in winning money for the pension fund, we still face tremendous insecurity about where those funds are held!

"What we gonna do?" the ward clerk asked.

We must see that as wage slaves under capitalism we have no security. The bosses must maximize their profits by crushing our wages and living standards. The inevitable conflicts between bosses of different countries mean wars and fascist oppression. What we do need is more workers reading and distributing CHALLENGE and building Progressive Labor Party. For workers, the only "pension plan" with real security is communist revolution.

GI's Anti-War Sentiments, Actions Worry Brass

LOS ANGELES, September 1 -- During the Summer Project here, a group of students and teachers visited a nearby military base. We distributed leaflets describing the potential power soldiers have, not only to end the occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan, but to smash the imperialist war machine and the profit system that breeds it. We called on soldiers to rebel and for military families to support student- and worker-led actions against the U.S.'s imperialist oil wars.

Although we had visited this base numerous times in recent years, we never got more than a dirty look from the Military Police (MPs). But this time the MPs called the cops five minutes after we arrived! Then the MPs came outside the base and into the middle of the street, waving cars past a stop sign to prevent us from approaching the cars entering the base. One MP continuously blew a whistle at stopped cars, yelling at them to keep going.

Despite the MPs efforts, many cars did stop and took several leaflets. One female soldier, when told that GI's had the power to stop the war, replied: "I'm retiring in a month, and I hope we can stop this war." Another soldier said he had served in Iraq and to this day had no idea why the U.S. was there. We told him it was for oil profits and empire, not for the interests of soldiers and workers. He took three leaflets.

With growing opposition to the war, both on the streets and in the barracks, the military brass is becoming more worried. Recruitment throughout the armed forces continues to miss its quotas. More and more family members of active GIs are speaking out against the war.

Most importantly, some soldiers are not only criticizing the war but actively organizing against it, in organizations like Iraq Veterans Against the War. Since the Vietnam War, the bosses know soldiers' potential for revolutionary action, and they're clearly nervous about the growing discontent, which offers an opening for PLP's communist politics. Many soldiers can be won to rebel against the whole capitalist system that creates exploitation, racism, sexism and wars for profit.

Increasingly soldiers are realizing the imperialist motives behind the U.S.'s oil-profit wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and can begin to understand that these wars don't benefit them or their families. But winning them requires consistent and hard work. Our outreach to them is crucial for building a revolutionary movement around PLP's ideas. Because of this reality, we plan to visit the base more regularly in the coming months.

Fight Columbia University's Racist Expansion Into Harlem

NEW YORK CITY, Aug. 21 -- The elitist Columbia University (CU) sits in the Upper West Side of Manhattan and is determined to expand north into Harlem, displacing affordable housing and small businesses. Columbia is using eminent domain and huge payoffs to obtain property, which is mainly occupied by poor- and lower-middle class African Americans. Even a Level 3 biotech lab, which houses dangerous microbes, is being planned. The rest of Harlem is being gentrified in anticipation of CU's move, with rents soaring over $2,000 for small apartments. The Manhattanville Clinic, a local facility which was closed five years ago and for whose reopening local anti-racist activists have been fighting, will probably be kept closed in anticipation of a lower population.

For years a coalition of community groups, housing advocates, student groups, local churches and others have been fighting CU, but the Mayor and City Council gave it the go-ahead to expand long ago. The struggle heated up last week at the local Community Board hearings. About 700 people showed up when Columbia presented its case, holding signs and booing loudly. When long-time Democratic party hack David Dinkins, once untouchable because he was the first NYC black Mayor, spoke in CU's favor, he was shouted down.

Over a hundred people gave militant speeches opposing Columbia's racism and greed, including several CHALLENGE readers active in local churches and schools. We pointed out how CU is a ruling-class institution, run by bankers and businessmen. They do research important to the military, ignoring the poverty around it except to use residents as subjects of racist research. The Violence Initiative was an example, conducting dangerous experiments on black and Latino children from the Bronx and upper Manhattan to "prove" genetic violence. They have also punished students fighting racism, as they did recently to those who stood up against the Minutemen. CU, with few supporters, bribed residents of a drug rehab program to hold up signs in their favor.

This week the local board voted against CU's plan. Although some of the community activists were jubilant, this "victory" is actually nonbinding and meaningless, and they are planning to continue the fight. The only kind of struggle that would actually stop Columbia would be like what happened in 1968, when the university tried to build a gym in a nearby park. Large numbers of students occupied campus buildings and militant community residents supported them. That kind of movement does not exist now, but the hundreds that are involved are experiencing multi-racial unity and the futility of relying on politicians. Hopefully this coalition will hold together and grow more militant, as we solidify relationships and discuss the need to change the whole order of society, using CHALLENGE to point out that racism and war are necessary for the survival of capitalism and cannot be reformed away.

Convention Shows Vets Winnable to Anti-imperialism

ST. LOUIS, August 20 -- Over 500 angry veterans gathered here at the annual convention of Veterans for Peace (VFP) and Iraq Veterans Against the War (IVAW). The growing number of vets and active-duty military joining these organizations proves that U.S. bosses are still haunted by "the Vietnam Syndrome" (the opposition of soldiers and workers to U.S. wars of aggression).

The U.S. ruling class is finding it increasingly difficult to convince the working class to fight and die in imperialist wars. Recent reports indicate West Point graduates are leaving in record numbers.

U.S. rulers have been forced to become very "creative" in building a fighting force, using a combination of religion, patriotism, economic incentives and citizenship for undocumented youth to entice recruits. They rely heavily on mercenaries such as Blackwater. They're recruiting from Mexico to Turkey to India for the soldiers they can't get at home. Here the military is offering $20,000 bonuses for anyone enlisting by year's end. As these tactics become less successful and the war for Mid-East oil continues, the possibility of a draft rises.

The VFP-IVAW conference demonstrated that the anti-war movement is growing and becoming more determined. But workers must be wary of the liberal-led anti-war movement. The conference's primary mission was to offer an acceptable outlet for soldiers' anger and frustrations, to divert our revolutionary spirit into "democratic reforms." For example, VFP called for a cabinet-level Department of Peace. One of the main presenters continuously pushed patriotism to the audience, a patriotism inherently racist in focusing on the death of U.S. soldiers, barely mentioning the hundreds of thousands of Iraqi workers' deaths.

When an Army recruiting exhibit was set up at the Black Expo next door to the convention, IVAW organized a "confrontation." They had vets fall into formation and chant, "war is not a game," a response to the Army's use of a video game to recruit young people. Unfortunately, this action did nothing to build the organization, engage workers, deter recruiting or stop the war. In fact, the action occurred so fast that very few people even realized what was happening. IVAW completed it and left the Expo even before security could respond.

Despite the reformist leadership, many rank-and-file members called for an anti-imperialist, anti-capitalist and revolutionary movement. These sentiments were highlighted in a well-attended workshop on imperialism. It countered the idea that the U.S. has "strayed" from its "mission of democracy" formulated in the Constitution. The workshop made it clear that the U.S. began as an exploitative slave society and has become the world's leading imperialist power.

Members discussed how the competitive nature of capitalism will forever create imperialist wars. For Exxon-Mobil to maintain its profits, it must keep control of Middle-East oil. It's a life-and-death situation for the capitalists and they will kill as many workers as it takes to stay in power.

Although there was a workshop on sexism in the military, sexism was rampant at the conference. Every evening IVAW held a party meant for its younger members. These parties included escapist drug use and the treatment of women as sexual objects. It was reported by some women that many male vets completely ignored or disregarded input from female vets. Workers must realize that sexism is deadly. It prevents men and women from uniting as a class in the fight against capitalist inequalities. Like racism, sexism only helps the bosses make super-profits and keeps workers divided. Sexism has historically been an obstacle in the struggle for communism; we must vigorously fight against it in reform organizations and in our own Party.

Regardless of its weaknesses, this conference offered inspiration. It indicated that soldiers and sailors are winnable to resisting within the ranks and, more importantly, to communist revolution. It showed the working class' fighting spirit and the necessity of organizing for revolution in the military. No revolution can succeed without rank-and-file soldiers, industrial workers and students.

Brass Laments Workers' Lack of Passion for Bosses' Wars

Recently CHALLENGE has explained extensively how the liberal section of the ruling class is using control of key think-tanks and media to attack and undermine neo-con elements within the U.S. government. Another dimension to this growing movement is a fight within the U.S. military to assign blame for the fiasco in Iraq and learn lessons crucial to the success of future wars. This debate within the ruling class is important for communists and serious anti-imperialists to understand.

In April 2007, Lt. Col. Paul Yingling, deputy commander of the Third Armored Cavalry Regiment, published what Thomas E. Ricks called a "blistering attack on U.S. generals, saying they have botched the war in Iraq and misled Congress" (Washington Post, April 27, 2007). Such public attacks by officers on their superiors are very rare. However, Yingling's article was published in the Armed Forces Journal on April 27.

Yingling is no friend of the working class. He admires the former military greatness of the Prussian Army (the right-wing officer corps which became key leaders of the Nazi army in World War II). His main goal is to remake the U.S. military into a more reliable, effective tool of U.S. imperialist policy in the lead up to World War III. Ricks is part of Harvard's Senior Advisory Council on the Project on U.S. Civil-Military Relations. Ricks' involvement shows that bigger fish than Yingling are behind the desperate drive to rescue the bosses' armies from the Iraqi quagmire.

Yingling's article looks at war from a strategic class perspective. It is worth quoting at length:

"The passion of the people is necessary to endure the sacrifices inherent in war. Regardless of the system of government, the people supply the blood and treasure required to prosecute war... Global conflicts such as WWII (World War II) require the full mobilization of entire societies... The greatest error the statesman can make is to commit his nation to a great conflict without mobilizing popular passions to a level commensurate with the stakes of the conflict."

Although he attacks Bush and Co. for squandering the "passions" aroused by 9/11, his main targets are U.S. generals. Yingling says they must be responsible for battle preparation and carrying out the plans developed. He sharply criticizes military leaders who are still fighting the "last war." He says generals must tell their civilian bosses what equipment and troop levels they need, given the demands of combat.

He calls Vietnam "the most egregious failure in the history of American armies," reflecting an old right-wing critique of Lyndon Johnson and the Democrats. In particular, he says U.S. Vietnam-era generals failed "to prepare their forces for counterinsurgency," to insist that many more troops were necessary for victory and to speak up as the strategy of the U.S. political leadership led to disaster.

Yingling also blasts U.S. generals in Iraq for not preparing for counterinsurgency, commiting sufficient forces to the war or planning for the stabilization of "post-war" Iraq. He attacks them for hiding the strength of the anti-U.S. insurgency from Congress (and, by implication, the public).

Communists know that the military will do the bosses' dirty work until we turn these forces into seething cauldrons of revolutionary anti-imperialist struggle. This is a long-term battle which we can and must win. Our immediate task is leading small acts of collective rebellion, combined with building a growing readership of CHALLENGE among soldiers. In the end, we are confident these soldiers will lead others to turn their guns on the class enemy in the fight for communism.

Anti-Racists Blast LyingAnti-Arab Attacks

BROOKLYN, NY, August 20 -- Today hundreds of anti-racists rallied at the city's Department of Education building here to protest months of vicious, lying racist attacks by the right-wing NY Post and NY Sun which have been running banner headlines since February smearing a new mini-school that will teach Arabic language and culture and emphasize international issues. These racists have equated anything Muslim with terrorism.

The school, scheduled to open September 4, is called the Khalil Gibran International Academy (Gibran was a Lebanese Christian and popular pacifist poet). The school's principal-to-be and chief organizer, Debbie Almontaser, emigrated 40 years ago from Yemen, and is a well-known NYC public school educator.

A racist blog labeled the Academy an "Al Qaeda School" and advocated burning it down with all the students inside. Media vans continually parked outside Ms. Almontaser's house. These threats led her to resign as principal. Although School Board Chancellor Klein and Mayor Bloomberg both endorsed and encouraged the school's development, they never defended her.

After 9/11, Ms. Almontaser worked in the interfaith community as a liaison between Muslims and other groups, including a Muslim/Jewish Dialogue Project. With many others, she protested the mass arrests, jailings, midnight raids and summary deportations of Middle-Eastern men. Her work led hundreds to defend her and the school.

The rally demonstrated broad rank-and-file support. Speakers included a rabbi, a black Baptist minister, a former member of the Board of Education, a parent, a young Muslim woman and a Latina involved in immigrant family support. Their anti-racist messages inspired many to shout their disgust at the bosses' racist press.

However, without a class analysis, there is no real victory. The rulers' media has been building anti-Muslim sentiment for years, even before 9/11, in order to win U.S. workers' support for endless oil wars in the Mid-East. Ironically, these same rulers need this school and people versed in the Arabic language and culture in order to better pursue their imperialist interests. That's why the school received backing from the liberal section of the ruling class -- the Mayor, the Chancellor and the NY Times, and grant funding from the Bill Gates Foundation. This contradiction worked for the rulers; one section built racism and the other comes off as "good guys."

Communists involved in the organizing meetings have exposed the ruling class's role and its patriotic/nationalistic slogans, noting that these racist school bosses cannot be our friends. These bosses have attacked the overwhelmingly black and Latino students and veteran teachers by setting up small "theme" schools with no resources, libraries, gyms or support networks, while using metal detectors and cops to establish a prison-like atmosphere. They instituted charter schools as another union-busting tactic.

Well-meaning people saying "we" need the school to benefit "our" place in the world reflects this patriotism. This Academy's students will not necessarily be taught to help our working-class position in the world. But we learned that we can counter the media's racist attack with multi-racial unity.

We communists in this struggle will be present on the first day of school to protect the students from assault. We'll fight at all our schools to teach anti-racism and internationalism. Spreading CHALLENGE is central to this fight-back.

Racists Scapegoat LA Hospital to Junk Workers' Healthcare

LOS ANGELES, September 1 -- The closing of King-Harbor Hospital in LA (formerly King-Drew) on August 19^th will kill far more people than the handful of much-publicized deaths there that were used to "justify" shutting it down. King-Harbor was one of only four hospitals serving over a million mainly black and Latin workers in south Los Angeles with the second highest emergency room volume in the county.

The shutdown followed a racist and well-orchestrated two-year media campaign, coordinated with state and national accreditation and inspection institutions, that portrayed King-Drew as hopelessly dominated by corrupt or incompetent black physicians. The LA Times, in particular, caricatured the situation like the pro-KKK film "Birth of a Nation" distorted Reconstruction.

A PLP friend who has been active in the campaign to save the hospital said many other hospitals that are not "in the bulls-eye" have many similar problems. At Tarzana Hospital in the San Fernando Valley, a young woman was left lying on the floor in the emergency room to die much as happened to a woman at King Hospital. Fortunately she did not die, but the incident was just as bad and got no publicity at all. At well-respected Cedars Sinai Hospital, persons with money and celebrities are all treated very well on the exclusive "eighth floor" and ordinary workers are treated elsewhere as cattle. 

Our friend attributes this situation to the LA County Supervisors "scapegoating King and South LA" because they "want to get out of the business of health care for the poor." Certainly that's part of the story, but the fact is that this hospital, won by mass anti-racist struggles in the past, was always underfunded (more on this in the next issue). And today, even though workers produce all value under captialism, they are getting even less back in return because of the increasing war budget the rulers need for their endless wars against rivals in the Middle East.

The LA Supervisors want to privatize the hospital, but say that if no buyer comes forward they "may" re-open it. But even if they do -- whether because of a massive fight-back, back-room politics or a need for a population healthy enough to send youth off to war -- the level of care in South Los Angeles will remain criminally inadequate.

So why isn't the SEIU and all the other unions as well as groups like the NAACP and the pro-immigration CHIRLA organization organizing mass protests against this closing? The leaders of these groups basically don't want to upset their Democratic Party hacks who are as guilty of the closing of King-Drew as Republican governor Schwarzenegger.

As PLP comrades and our friends join in the fight to reopen and transform King-Drew Hospital, we will explain how racism is built into capitalism as the cutting edge of the bosses' attack on the whole working class. And we will use this newspaper CHALLENGE-DESAFIO as the cutting edge of our attack on the racist profit system.

Black Factory Worker on CHALLENGE: `Man, it's all true!'

(The following are excerpts of conversations between a Summer Project participant and workers outside several factories.)

"In my home town the PLA [People's Liberation Army] is very strong," said a young Filipino worker after being presented with CHALLENGE. I said, "Oh yeah! But we're different. We have the winning strategy of building a base for communist revolution in the industrial working class, since you guys are key not only for ending exploitation but also for building a new society run by the working class." After an extensive and positive discussion, he directed me to an older Vietnamese worker a few yards away.

I introduced myself and handed him a leaflet and CHALLENGE. "We're building a communist movement in which industrial workers like yourself play the leading role," I said. When I said the word "communist," he smiled. He started flipping through the paper, stopping to read parts of it. "That's right, communist," I said. "We're similar but different from those who kicked U.S. imperialism's butt in Vietnam." He smiled even more. "We're fighting for workers of the world to unite for the common cause of destroying capitalism for good," I said. We later saw him reading the paper even more intently.

As two Salvadoran women walked towards the factory entrance, they were also met with CHALLENGE and flyers. "What's this?" asked one. "It's a revolutionary communist newspaper that talks about not only fighting exploitation but ending it with workers' power," I responded in Spanish. "Give me one too," said one of the women who had not received it and added, "We have a lot of experience in fighting against exploitation."

On a second visit to yet another factory, as workers were leaving in their cars, an African American worker rolled his window down and said, "I already got one a few days ago." As he was driving away, I asked, "What do you think about it?" "Man, it's all true," he yelled out the window.

Thus far, one of the highlights was a conversation with an industrial worker who just returned from serving in the army in Iraq. Although he didn't say much, he continually nodded his head in agreement. I talked about inter-imperialist rivalry for the control of oil, stressing that it is always the working class that fights in these wars, never the bosses or their sons and daughters, and that industrial workers and soldiers are the ones who can turn the situation around. "In World War I workers and soldiers made a revolution in Russia and in World War II the same occurred in China, so this will happen again but with a better outcome if we build a base within the military and industrial working class for communist revolution."

There was an intense look in his eyes as he rolled CHALLENGE up and clutched it with a firm grip. Before he walked on, I shook his hand and said, "Thank you for your time." He responded, "No problem. Thank you."

These experiences make me think that the opportunities to build the Party among industrial workers and soldiers in the coming period are greater than I had originally thought.

New Orleans: `Volunteerism not enough -- we need a revolution...'

LOS ANGELES, September 2 -- "In New Orleans this summer we went back to a house we'd gutted in 2006. When I saw that it was still boarded up and the whole neighborhood is deserted, it really struck home that our volunteer efforts weren't enough -- we need a revolution to get rid of capitalism." With these words, a young woman sparked a vigorous debate at an event on "Katrina and the War" sponsored by a pacifist religious coalition. She was applauded when she talked about the important role of the shipbuilders in Pascagoola whose strike stopped three warships from going to the Persian Gulf.

The panel also included an Iraq Veteran and a young woman from the People's Organizing Committee in New Orleans. All were enthusiastically received by the audience of over 250.

The main speaker attacked "plantation capitalism" but mainly pushed anti-communism. He announced that "nothing good came from [the Russian revolution of] 1917" -- although someone in the back shouted, "It was a good start!" -- and insisted repeatedly that "we have to be nonviolent." A PL comrade led off the discussion by respectfully disagreeing, and condemning the racist and fascist attack on LA workers that the closing of King-Drew Hospital represents (see article above), and the exchange continued.

Eventually the pacifist leader said that "90% of a revolution is non-violent." But an audience member noted that defeating the Nazis involved massive violence, as did the fight to smash slavery. We can't beg or plead with those in power, or try to "sway their consciences" or even to "put pressure on them." We need to organize and fight with the goal of taking power away from the bosses and putting it in the hands of the working class, with class-conscious revolutionary soldiers and industrial workers in the lead.

The main speaker also objected to the comrade's reference to fascism in the U.S. "Fascism was a European development," he claimed, "we need to look to our own history." Nationalism like this "American exceptionalism" was one of the main political errors responsible for the reversal of the 1917 revolution and the communist movement it inspired. This same patriotism is desperately needed by the U.S. imperialists today as they build for wider war in the Middle East. We must reject it.

LA, Baghdad, New Orleans: Fight Racist Hospital Closings

The Party leaflet spotlighted the racist attacks on health care due to capitalist disregard for workers' lives and the imperialist war on Iraq:

"US-enforced `sanctions' on Iraq destroyed its medical system, leaving half a million children dead...of radiation poisoning from U.S. "depleted uranium" weapons and preventable disease. Clinton's Secretary of State Madeline Albright said that it was worth it.' Meanwhile, `Big Charity' Hospital in New Orleans -- the main trauma center in southeastern Louisiana -- was destroyed by Katrina. It won't be rebuilt, though the $350 million price tag for a new hospital could have been covered by New Orleans' share of the cost of the Iraq war. Instead it will be replaced with privately-owned clinics -- exactly what's happening with LA's King-Drew Hospital, without a hurricane. We have to fight back against these racist attacks!" A racist system that robs workers of health care has to be destroyed with communist revolution.

The main speaker, a leader in the fight to save King-Drew, also told the audience to continue this fight. Meanwhile, a man from New Orleans - who eagerly received the PLP leaflet - was circulating a petition to rebuild `Big Charity.' Later, a group made plans to attend the next health coalition meeting and get more involved in the fight to keep King-Drew open. Others plan to raise this fight in their unions.

Our Party has been involved in the struggle over King-Drew Hospital for several years. We raised the issue in some leaflets at the August 11 SEIU-sponsored LA health care rally. However, we did not respond quickly enough to the Board of Supervisor's August 10th vote and the August 19th closure of the hospital. Our role in the "Katrina/War" event helped to turn this around. The warm reception for communism and revolution among pacifist liberals has emboldened us to take our ideas, and our friends, into the movement to reopen King-Drew.

Letters

Immigrants Also Super-exploited in Spain

With a lot of debt to pay, and to help my mother and brothers I went to look for work in Europe since the economic situation workers face in El Salvador and worldwide is one of hunger and poverty. I went to Spain as many immigrant workers do, to find work to try to solve my basic needs and those of my family.

My first stop was in Mexico, where the cops started to treat a group of Salvadoran men and some Honduran women like delinquents. Some of us decided to confront the cops, forcing them to change their attitude to avoid a larger confrontation. The action of the group gave me strength to continue the trip.

After 14 hours of travel, I arrived in Madrid. An airport cop took my passport along with several others and then took some 25 of us to a room for interrogation. We all feared being deported. One Mexican man was sent back because he couldn't give an address where he would stay. The police asked me where I came from and how much money I had. When I said I had $1,500, the cop said, "Shit...that isn't enough for two days in Spain."

I finally got to my relative's house but he said he had no room for me so I had to sleep in a park for three days. Since my money was running low I decided to eat only once a day.

On the 4th day I went on the internet and contacted a friend who hooked me up with a friend of his in Spain. A short time later, I was in touch with the friend and he let me sleep on the sofa. I was very happy since it isn't easy sleeping outdoors and in very cold weather. The help of these people showed me again to trust in the solidarity of the working class anywhere in the world.

Spain is a beautiful country and the economy is geared a lot towards tourism (the bosses here have also made a lot of money in the last few years from a housing bubble that is about to burst like in the U.S., U.K., etc.). Since it is a capitalist country, just like the U.S., undocumented workers have to take on the worst jobs. Everything in Spain is very expensive, plus immigrants send a lot of money back home to support their families. As a new arrival, the only jobs available are giving out handbills in the street advertising businesses or in construction. Both jobs only pay 500 euros a month, which is very little in Spain. So as immigrant workers we have to "magically" manage to live on that and still send money back home.

Again, like millions of immigrant workers worldwide, I question whether the "dream" of finding a better life elsewhere was worth it. But I am also an internationalist member of PLP and no matter where I am I'll continue to struggle for a world without borders, where the wage slaves of today (workers) will run society -- a communist world run by the dictatorship of the proletariat over the racist warmaking bosses of the world.

I'll continue to read DESAFIO-CHALLENGE and will share my experiences with workers here to organize against our oppression. I already contacted and am meeting with a group of immigrant workers discussing solutions to workers' problems worldwide. The conditions imposed by capitalism give us the opportunity to expand communist ideas and build the PLP in many parts of the world.

A Comrade

`A Dirty Little Secret': Poisoning 10 Million Japanese

(The following is an excerpt of a letter on maproom.com/journals/jsecret.htm )

A year ago, my uncle died. His last request was that he not be buried with military honors. This is why.

During the summer of 1945, a handful of Army Officers were engaged in "Operation Olympic," a plan to end the war against Japan by using poison gas in the event of an invasion of the homeland.

Major General William Porter of the Army's Chemical Warfare service developed a plan, with my uncle's assistance, to kill an estimated five million Japanese with poison gas. U.S. bombers would drop 75,000 tons of gas bombs per month in a gas blitz until most of the major cities in Japan were eliminated. When the initial landings were commenced, fighters equipped with spray tanks would attack enemy positions with a cocktail of lethal gases -- including phosgene, mustard, hydrogen cyanide, and cyanogen chloride. There was no doubt that civilians would be targeted although the plan only mentioned troops.

Japanese buildings were mostly of wood and would absorb mustard gas and phosgene, making them uninhabitable. Poison could be absorbed through the skin or unprotected areas. Gas bombs were to be 500-pound high-explosive devices, to be dropped at night.

In April, 1944, my uncle produced a report stressing that the goal of the attack was "to create the maximum number of [civilian] casualties.... cripple transportation.... and [deny] public services...."One goal was to delay the repair of the infrastructure to make targets more vulnerable to conventional attacks -- especially fire bombing. The U.S. had grown to appreciate the effects of fire storm attacks. The thinking was literally that if the victors wrote history, there was no need to explain why something was done.

In May 1945 the Chicago Tribune carried a headline "You Can Cook Them With Gas," declaring that the use of poison gas was neither inhumane nor worse than napalm/flame throwers. General George C. Marshall declared that "the character of the weapon is no less humane than phosphorous." In June 1945 the Army's Chemical Warfare Service submitted its Top Secret Report on the poisoning of Japan, listing 25 cities for destruction. Casualties "might easily kill 5,000,000 people and injure that many more..."

In June, Admiral Ernest King and General Marshall briefed President Truman about the possible use of poison gas during the invasion of Japan. But he knew something the other two did not. The Atomic Bomb was being readied.

By April 1945, over one million rounds of poisonous 105 mm shells, bombs and mines were available and in transit. The dropping of the Atomic Bomb made this useless. But as late as 1975, those 105 mm shells still sat and rusted by Runway One of the Denver Mile High Airport.

My uncle could never bring himself to admit that what he did during the war was as bad as anything the Nazis ever dreamed up. He did, however, decide that military service was not something he was proud of.

[By Douglas L. Frazier]

CHALLENGE COMMENT: The main imperialist countries all used saturation terror bombings of civilians in World War II: the Japanese fascists in China, the Nazis in the blitz of Britain and against the Soviet Union, the U.S. and the British Royal Air Force on Germany and the U.S. on Japan, including killing 100,000 in a fire-bombing of Tokyo. The U.S. also atom-bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, slaughtering upwards of 250,000.

Only the Soviet Union never bombed civilians, using its air power strictly against enemy armies.

Disagrees with `Potter' Review

I have read all of the Harry Potter books except the current one (reviewed in CHALLENGE, 9/5). I don't feel these books promote racism. Actually, the most positive aspect of Rowling's novels is anti-racism. Hogwarts is an integrated school with no evidence of racial animosity.

Rowling is basically a liberal; her politics come across in these novels. However, she's also a billionaire now and quite possibly one of the wealthiest women on the planet, so obviously she would defend a system that has made her filthy rich. I think the CHALLENGE review made some good points and will keep them in mind when I get to read "The Deathly Hollows." But I don't think the Potter books are necessarily "garbage," despite the fact they reinforce the values of the exploitative capitalist system.

On the one hand, I see them as imaginative fantasy that offers escape for a spell from this hard life. On the other hand, I can see where one might view them as bourgeois ideological drugs. Yet, it's obvious that many young people, and also older people, are enjoying these books. It's lousy to see what a money-making scheme the whole thing has become. But I believe strongly in the development of the imagination and think it can and will become a "subversive" force.

Finally, in a communist society I can envision some writers creating works of fantasy that will show the way forward, while entertaining workers of all ages.

On another point: I agree with the assessment of the UMWA [United Mine Workers] in the article on the Utah mine disaster. I had written to CHALLENGE claiming the union would fight for unionization. Now I don't see any sign that the hot shots running the UMWA will do much for coal miners. The local head honcho in my area spends most of his time either on the golf course or talking about organizing sweatshops in China.

Red Coal

Chavez No Solution for Workers

A worker was talking to a pseudo-revolutionary (a revisionist) who was selling supposedly revolutionary books and posters. He was enthusiastically pushing a book called "21st Century Socialism" about Hugo Chavez as the solution to workers' problems. The worker was listening to him attentively, so I decided to join the conversation to refute what this guy was saying, to talk about revolution because this guy never mentioned the need for armed struggle to win workers' power.

"To make a real change in society, we workers need to make a real communist revolution and take power," I interjected. "You're right," said the revisionist, "We're doing it now with Hugo Chavez, Evo Morales, Daniel Ortega, etc. They're following the example of Fidel Castro, with the difference that they haven't shot any guns and they're making changes that help the poorest people."

He emphasized the healthcare program Hugo Chavez shares with some other countries. The construction worker agreed enthusiastically about this, describing a relative who had been sent from his own country to Venezuela for free medical treatment.

"With a sick person on the verge of death, any help is good," I said, "but this doesn't mean Chavez represents the interests of the working class. In Venezuela, there's capitalist exploitation and the division of social classes into rich and poor. These government programs are a bribe to maintain ideological control over the exploited, protect the interests of the rich, and spread the Venezuelan bosses' influence throughout Latin America.

"With socialism," I continued, "the exploitation of workers continues, along with the division of social classes. The `cooperatives' that socialism promotes are a farce because they always function within the capitalist market. Where they've developed, they've become breeding grounds for capitalism, employing and exploiting workers, just like in any company for profit. The only solution is communism," I concluded, "because under communism, the workers will control the means of production and they'll decide what to produce for the benefit of the entire working class."

"You can't talk to the workers about communism," he said, "because in these times, who will understand you? That's why it's the intellectuals who are key to revolution. For example, El Ché, Lenin, Fidel, etc. Because of their socioeconomic conditions, the workers will follow those intellectuals."

"We can't underestimate the workers," I replied, "because we're capable of understanding the importance that we have in the capitalist system. For example, who are the ones who work in the different industries? Who goes into the army and defends the interests of the rich? The intellectuals and students are necessary and important, but the key sector for a real communist revolution is the workers. We workers can and must understand communist ideas in order to build and lead a new communist society," I said.

After several minutes, I turned away and I waited for the construction worker to do likewise. Later I spoke with him alone, explained more about communist ideas and said I'd like to talk more. I gave him CHALLENGE and we exchanged phone numbers so I can visit him at home. We've already spoken several times and plan to see each other soon.

A Communist Worker

Vets Expose Liberals' Patriotism

Recently I traveled to St. Louis, Mo., to attend the Veterans for Peace convention. I've been active in Military Families Speak Out (MFSO) since 2003. Through my activism, I have worked with several members of Iraq Veterans against the War, (IVAW), planning local antiwar activities. I knew people from all of these groups would be attending the convention, and that many of them were tired of the racism, sexism, pacifism and patriotism that have permeated the antiwar movement.

Party members and friends attended many of these workshops with folks that we have been working with over the past year, raising our ideas and opinions. We were all excited about the reception we got, and we made many new friends who came up to us afterwards and wanted to talk more.

Specifically, quite a few people openly disagreed with David Cortright's speech on Thursday evening. He said that patriotism and nationalism were separate ideas; nationalism is wrong, but patriotism is good. In other words, we should love our country but oppose the war. The war is a mistake the otherwise "good bosses" are making. By opposing it, we become true patriots. This dangerous idea is raised a lot within the "peace movement." We must point out that imperialist war is always on the horizon for the ruling class. All the bosses' wars are bad for the world's workers.

The highlight was the opportunity to openly and collectively discuss the Party with soldiers and vets. This was a big step forward, opening up more opportunities for struggles with our base. A high-point for me was seeing my friend in IVAW stand up several times to raise the importance of fighting racism, and working more to win working-class, rank-and-file soldiers and their families on or near bases.

Of course, I'm sure that the ruling class is meeting somewhere at this moment to plan to attack any communists and other troublemakers who would ruin their plans to push racism and patriotism in the working class, and especially in the military. They are desperate to maintain power in the Middle East, using oil to not only make profits but also to insure that they are players in the deadly game against China, Russia, and Europe to dominate the world's economy.

We have a huge task ahead of us. These reformist organizations are where we need to be active right now, because we can win fellow workers, soldiers and youth to revolution.

From a Military Mom

Detroit Rebellion `Shaped my life...'

Forty years ago, the eyes of the world were on Detroit. For a week, it became the central battlefield in the fight against racism. Tens of thousands of workers and youth engaged in an integrated uprising against police terror and racist unemployment. While the battlefield and the times have changed, like Gettysburg, Harpers Ferry, Soweto or Stalingrad, Detroit remains hallowed ground for anti-racists everywhere.

For that week in July, the main struggle here became between rich and poor, exploiter and exploited, boss and worker, oppressor and oppressed.

I asked my son, who was born and raised here and is starting high school in the fall, if his school teachers ever talked about 1967 or if he knew anything about what happened. He said, "No." The bankers and billionaires just don't steal our wages, jobs, and futures, they steal our past. Only we can and will pass on the rich history of our struggles to our young people.

There are many rich lessons the rebellion has to offer. The rebellion showed that the police can terrorize us individually, but they are no match for a fighting working class. As Mao said, "A single spark can start a prairie fire." Mass heroism, the role of mass violence against racism; the revolutionary role of black workers and youth leading all workers and youth and the key role of industrial workers and auto workers became a beacon of inspiration for our class. Maybe the most important lesson is the need for a mass, international revolutionary communist movement to smash the racist profit system.

The 1967 Detroit Rebellion touched me. As a teenager in the Bronx, NY, just graduating high school and becoming more political, I was gripped by the rebellion. I watched on TV and read every newspaper. I heard one newscaster say, "Today Mao Tse Tung and the Chinese Communist Party issued a statement saying, `We support the black rebels in Detroit.'" The newscaster was horrified. I was blown away. The Detroit Rebellion helped move me onto the road to revolution for a lifetime. A few years after the rebellion I moved to Detroit to help finish the job that has proven longer and more complicated than any of us thought back then. Nevertheless, on a personal level, I am who I am in part because of what happened here, forty years ago.

A Reader

REDEYE

NY Communist wrote `Strange Fruit'

I had always assumed that Billie Holiday composed the music and lyrics to "Strange Fruit." She did not. The song began life as a poem written by Abel Meeropol, a schoolteacher who was living in the Bronx.... Meeropol was a trade union activist and a closet member of the Communist Party; his poem was first published in 1937 as "Bitter Fruit," in a union magazine....

Meeropol was motivated to write the poem after seeing a photograph of two black teenagers, Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith, who had been lynched in Marion, Indiana, on August 7, 1930. Their bodies were hanging limply from a tree. His poem opens with the following lines:

Southern trees bear a strange fruit

Blood on the leaves and blood at the root

Black body swinging in the Southern breeze

Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees.

Hoping to reach a wider audience, Meeropol set his poem to music, and the song "Strange Fruit" was first performed at a [meeting of the old communist-led] New York City Teachers Union... It created an immediate stir....

When Meeropol was asked, in 1971, why he wrote the song, he replied: "Because I hate lynching and I hate injustice and I hate the people who perpetuate it." (GW, 8/31)

History tries to erase Red successes

The communist movement....which came to control a third of the planet in a generation, was the most important political movement of the past century. It carried out what other socialists had only talked about, abolishing capitalism and creating publicly owned, planned economies. Its...failures are now so [well-publicized] that they are in danger of obliterating any understanding of its achievements -- all of which have lessons for the future...search for a social alternative to globalized capitalism. It was a communist state, after all, that played the decisive role in the defeat of Nazi Germany, and communists, who led the resistance in occupied Europe...delivered rapid industrialization, mass education, full employment and unprecedented advances in social and gender equality....

[Author] Service's insistence that communist power had to be based on repression because it lacked consent is crudely misleading....In a period when most of the world was under colonial rule or capitalist dictatorships, there was mass support for these regimes, though it waxed and waned....

While the form that communism took in the 20th century will never be repeated, radical movements will emerge -- and already are -- to challenge the world's grotesque and growing inequality and its domination by a handful of great powers. (GW, 5/25)

US policy remains: Bases and Oil

Most of the Democratic leaders and presidential candidates now seem to feel that in one or another way the U.S. must stay in Iraq....

The underlying American policy, largely of long-term Pentagon conception, is to ring the world with bases from which American forces can provide international and national "security" globally, while surveying and assuring the provisions of energy and raw materials to the U.S. None of this is going to be given up except under extreme duress.

Hence the Petraeus...report undoubtedly will say that the mission is still difficult but can be done, and they will cite the usual reasons why the U.S. can't withdraw. (William Pfaff, Tribune Media, 8/19)

Vets can't get old jobs back

Tens of thousands of members of the National Guard and reserves who are called up to serve in Iraq...often find their civilian jobs gone....

The Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA)....is supposed to protect reservists' civilian jobs for up to five years of military service. But....the average time service members have to wait for USERRA complaints to be resolved is...nearly two years....

In 2005, of the 5,302 complaints filed by reservists,...only 16 resulted in benefits going to reservists. (LAT, 8/5)

Dems also follow corporate money

Washington is all about money...."Upon leaving office...more than half of the senior officials in the Clinton administration became corporate lobbyists." (NYT, 9/3)

PLP History: Fighting Fascists in Boston Busing Struggle

(Part I of a three-part series)

In the mid-1970s, the U.S. rulers tried using a violently racist anti-integration movement in Boston as a trial balloon for developing a mass, nationwide base for fascism. They suffered a significant political and tactical defeat, largely due to the work of the Progressive Labor Party and its allies in the International Committee Against Racism.

The lessons from this struggle remain valid today. They belong to the living history of communism and the working class.

The eye of the storm was busing for school desegregation. The Kennedy machine and its local vassals in city government, led by Mayor Kevin White, spouted the usual liberal line about civil rights and integration. Federal Judge W. Arthur Garrity, a former Kennedy political hack, issued a court order requiring the busing of more than 18,000 children.

Meanwhile, White and his liberal apparatus did everything possible to ensure that the busing of these children would spread maximum racist division within Boston's working class.

This sabotage occurred in two ways. First, White & Co. slashed the Boston school budgets and laid off 600 provisional and non-tenured teachers, thereby even further overcrowding the classrooms in the city's schools and aggravating the already terrible conditions in many. Second, the White-Kennedy apparatus gave a blank check for violence to the existing racist movement, which it had been coddling for over a decade.

By the time Garrity issued his court order, these thugs were calling themselves ROAR (an acronym for Restore Our Alienated Rights), but they had been doing their dirty work for years. Led by Louise Day Hicks -- who had been elected to Congress as a Democrat from 1971-73, and was backed behind the scenes by Kennedy-White -- the racists took control of the Boston School Committee in the 1960s. They spent years creating segregated school zones and simultaneously presiding over the universal degeneration of Boston's schools.

In the months just prior to the '74-'75 school year, ROAR mobilized thousands in public anti-busing marches and received free, uncritical publicity from local and national media. ROAR was so brazenly coddled by White, the cops and the bosses' government that it dared convene its meetings in the chamber of the Boston City Council, of which Hicks was a member and would later become president.

When the first school busses started rolling in September 1974, the children on them were greeted with volleys of rocks and other assaults from ROAR-led racist mobs, who also committed random assaults on many black people who happened to be on the streets during those days. The Boston Police Department did nothing to prevent these atrocities.

Despite its small size, PLP's Boston chapter took a stand. It recognized the collusion between the liberals and the gutter racists and wrote leaflets and pamphlets exposing the role of Kennedy, White, Garrity & Co. in the use of court-ordered busing as a vehicle for provoking racist discord. But merely exposing this collusion wasn't enough. If ever a situation existed when one had to take a stand on an issue, this was it. A massive, sustained, and vicious racist assault was occurring. Communists and anti-racists had to oppose it.

PLP CHALLENGES `ROAR'

On the opening day of school in September, 1974, PLP threw down the gauntlet at ROAR. A multi-racial group of PLP members and friends assembled at South Boston High to welcome the bused students to school and defy the fascists. Their very presence and boldness served notice on ROAR that they were in for a fight. During the early days of that school year, PLP members were on the front lines calling for multi-racial unity and mass, militant mobilization to crush ROAR. There was some violent struggle; a number of PLP'ers were arrested.

Although this activity was commendable, the situation called for a still more drastic mobilization. The implications went far beyond Boston. If the bosses could get away with letting ROAR run amok in Boston, the "Athens of America," then Klansmen and gutter racists everywhere could feel emboldened, and the bosses themselves would have a valuable instrument to attack workers when fascism became the order of the day. The stakes were high indeed.

Therefore, PLP's central leadership decided to organize the 1975 May Day march in South Boston, an area which had become an international symbol of racist violence.

(Next: May Day 1975: "Death to Fascism!")

`SICKO' Ignores Racism, Helps Ailing Bosses

Michael Moore's "Sicko" delivers a sharp critique of the "health care" industry's inability to meet the medical needs of most people in the United States. The movie is full of memorable images. An uninsured man sews up a wound on his own leg with needle and thread. A weeping woman is dropped by her insurance company because her cancer required too many treatments. A firefighter who worked tirelessly at the toxic World Trade Center site is now unable to afford the medications he needs to breathe. Moore's puzzled voice-over continually wonders, "Why do we allow this to happen?" He points to the profit-driven callousness of the pharmaceutical industry and private health insurance companies, which view success as evading payment for customer's medical costs. Moore then makes a contrasting tour of countries with free or low-cost medical treatment and drugs. His point is that the inhumane set-up in the United States is not divinely ordained; other ways of delivering health care are possible, and in fact prevail elsewhere.

While "Sicko" legitimately condemns the drive for profits that sickens and kills millions of people in the United States, there is a reason the movie is getting such widespread distribution and respect from reviewers in the capitalist-run press. Moore's movie contains a brief on behalf of so-called single-payer health insurance. There are many major corporations that now wish to transfer to the taxpayers the cost of the healthcare needs of their retired workers. A battle is brewing between the powerful insurance and pharmaceutical companies and the politicians they have lobbied versus most other businesses and mainly liberal politicians who think more strategically about the overall needs of capitalism. Moore's position as the "left" in the debate over private-versus-public health care obscures this fundamental issue and closes off critique from communists.

In its intended appeal to all working-class people, the movie glosses over the racist nature of the health care delivery system in the U.S. The "we're-all-in-the-same-boat" portrayal ignores the fact that multiracial unity needs to be built in an active fight against the racial differentials in the care received by wealthier/white people and poorer/brown and black people.

In its contrast of the U.S. with Canada, Great Britain, and France, "Sicko" ignores the fact that these wealthy, relatively white countries profit from the super-exploitation of mainly non-white workers elsewhere in the world. The dispossessed in most of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, who suffer even worse conditions than U.S. workers, are invisible in Moore's movie. "Sicko" is premised on nationalism.

Moore claims that a humane system can be gotten by a change of heart, faith in democracy and voting. Tony Benn, a British Labor MP, says British universal health care was obtained after World War II because "democracy" moved power "from the wallet to the ballot;" "solidarity" supposedly dictated social policy. Benn ignores the utter lack of "solidarity" in the British government policies toward the colonial peoples under its rule at that time. Moore obscures the fact that the social benefits won by workers in post-war Europe came from sharp, prolonged class struggle, and from the capitalist ruling classes' need to counter the example of Soviet socialism by making concessions to workers.

Many left-inclined people are excited by the sympathetic portrayal of Cuba. (Moore takes very ill U.S. workers to Cuba where they are treated as comrades and given the treatment they need.) This example shows that not only the wealthy industrialized nations can supply decent health care: any society committed to citizen welfare can achieve this goal. But Moore's argument centers on the capitalist "democracies" as templates for his social-democratic vision; Cuba is a side issue, a bone tossed to the left.

Finally, Moore's snapshot approach to history ignores the mounting attack on the welfare state even in the "fortunate" bourgeois democracies, as globalized capitalism creates a race to the bottom, in which the benefits of workers are being eroded. Sarkozy's recent election in France, for example, has been accompanied by promises of belt-tightening to become "more competitive;" the handwriting is on the wall for Moore's favorite French health care policies.

When workers should be skeptical of democracy and voting, aware of the need to engage in class struggle and open to the ideas of communism, Moore encourages us to play by the rules of the existing system. "Sicko" is not part of the cure, but another manifestation of the disease -- capitalist oppression and the ideologies by which it is legitimized.

 

(This is a three-week issue of CHALLENGE. We will return to our biweekly schedule with out next issue).

Workers And Youth Fight Killer KKKops

Communist Internationalism: Red Flag, Not the Bosses' Flag

'Communist Internationalism Is The Only Antidote To This Poison'

Warmaking Rulers Tout New Academic Racist Book

• A Liberal 'Back-To-School' Special
• Ignores Imperialism, Slavery, Fears Mentioning Communism

Industrial Workers Greet PLP Project with Open Arms

Workers can't escape exploitation-Join the fight to end it

Immigrant Workers Lead Wildcat vs. Firings, Deportation Threats

PLP-led Multi-Racial Group Sends Minutemen Packing

Vets: There Can Be No Peace with Capitalism, Imperialism

Build an Anti-Racist, Class-Conscious International Movement

Join and Build the Revolutionary Communist PLP

Bosses' Answer to Newark Killings: Fascism

The Worker Adds The Value, But Who Reaps Almost Everything?

NEA Teachers Back PLP Attack on Electoral Circus

Ideas Lead To Action: Teachers Take On A Racist

Bosses' Long-Term Negligence Paralyzes NYC Subways

Utah Miners Facing Death From Owner-Govt. Collusion

LETTERS

Israel 'Finishing what Nazis started'?

Minnesota Workers Condemn Bosses' Murderers

PL'ers, CHALLENGE Get 'Fantastic Reception'

Lauds Garment Struggles; Queries Outcome

DESAFIO Brings Politics into ESL Class

Fighting Anti-Iraqi Racism on Front Lines

REDEYE

• Big anti-war groups help Dems lie
• Ally? Oops!
• Built after Watts, hospital closing
• 'Rule of law' twisted vs. Islamics
• Finance emperors have no clothes?
• Sounds like we need communism!

Military Build-up Pits U.S. Bosses vs. Russians, Chinese

'67 Detroit Rebellion Shows Workers' Potential To Take Power

'Harry Potter' Casts Capitalist Spells

---

Workers And Youth Fight Killer KKKops

CHICAGO, August 6 - "My son is only four years old and he's already seen two murders!" said an angry young black mother. She and two other black women witnessed the police murder of 18- year-old Aaron Harrison (A-yo) the night before and described it as a modern day lynching. She told PLP, "We saw him smiling as he was outrunning the police, with his shirt off and arms in the air. Then we saw the cop just stop and shoot. We thought it was a warning shot until we saw him fall on the ground. He was still breathing but when the cops handcuffed him and turned him over that's when we saw him die. He was looking right at us." Everyone in the community said that Aaron was unarmed.

The streets filled with angry friends and family members. The police began taunting them by laughing and shining their lights in their faces. One police sergeant said, "What, you don't like the new streetlights we put up in the neighborhood?" He was referring to the police spotlight shining down on Aaron's dead body! They let him bleed to death for 2-3 hours even though there is a major trauma center just a few blocks away. The cops never called the coroner. Instead they threw his dead body in the back of the paddy wagon, still handcuffed, "like he was a piece a meat."

Hundreds of angry workers and youth fought back, throwing bricks and bottles and whatever they could find at the police. They flattened the tires of 20 police cars and flipped over one car with the cop still inside. Some cops were sent to the hospital.

The following afternoon, a local preacher organized a small rally in a neighborhood park. PLP distributed a poster stating, "Wanted for Murder - Racist Chicago Police!" Our flier supported the rebellion and called for communist revolution. People put the Wanted Poster on their T-shirts and on street signs. We made many contacts and distributed dozens of CHALLENGES. We marched with workers and youth to the local police station demanding the release of six youth who were arrested earlier that day. One was Aaron's cousin. "No Justice, No Peace, No Racist Police!" was one of the chants led by A-yo's angry friends and neighbors.

Religious misleaders like Rev. Hatchet have been attempting to pacify angry workers with "solutions" like reporting police murders to the Office of Professional Standards (OPS). Hatchet is a supporter of Mayor Daley, who is notorious for his long racist history. As state's attorney, he prosecuted many defendants who had been tortured by the infamous police captain Burge and his squad. Now Daley is the head of OPS!

The "more militant camp" is now led by Al Sharpton, who opened his National Action Network here a few weeks ago. He accused Jesse Jackson of "failing to hold Mayor Daley accountable on police torture." Sharpton and a long list of misleaders rallied on August 10, calling on the Feds to bring in an independent prosecutor. Our job is to expose them all as agents of the racist ruling class.

No independent prosecutor, OPS, or citizen review board will end the racist terror of these killer cops. Racism is rooted in capitalism, the system that exploits all workers. We need to win millions of workers, soldiers and youth, especially like those who fought the police when Aaron was murdered, to fight for a communist world without money, profits, racism and exploitation. Communist revolution will destroy racist police terror.

Communist Internationalism: Red Flag, Not the Bosses' Flag

Recently, a German auto worker was invited to address a UAW regional conference. The conference opened, as do all UAW meetings, with the Pledge of Allegiance to the bosses' flag and the playing of the bosses' national anthem. In the German worker's two minutes, he recounted the recent Opel strikes in Europe, saying, "I was looking at your banner on the wall, 'American Jobs Are Worth Fighting For!' I would make just one suggestion. It should read, 'Workers Jobs Are Worth Fighting For, All Around The World!'" The room burst into applause. The same workers who were just "pledging allegiance" were enthusiastically applauding a call for international solidarity.

This reflects the contradiction within the working class between patriotism and nationalism on the one hand, and internationalism on the other. Patriotism represents the bosses' outlook, is pushed by the union leadership and is misleading the workers to increased poverty and wider wars. Internationalism represents the workers' outlook, is fought for by our Party and will lead the working class to the seizure of power and communist revolution.

"Buy American" and "saving the U.S. auto industry" has led the UAW leadership to help the bosses eliminate about 100,000 jobs at GM, Ford and Delphi while passively agreeing to healthcare cuts for retirees and the recent Delphi contract slashing wages over $10/hour.

During the past decade, Boeing has shed tens of thousands of workers in the name of "beating Airbus," their giant European competitor. These Boeing workers have been replaced by tens of thousands of unorganized workers, mostly immigrants, in large and small sub-contractor factories in southern California earning $9/hour, without health insurance.

Millions of undocumented immigrant workers live and work in the most oppressive conditions, under threat of immigration raids and mass deportations. They have been accused in the mass media and many union halls of "stealing U.S. jobs." Tens of thousands of Arab and Muslim immigrants have been rounded up, harassed at work and at airports, and watched by the police under the guise of "Homeland Security." This increased police state is used against citizen workers - West Coast dock workers were told a strike would be considered a threat to Homeland Security.

In all these cases, the bosses have used patriotism and nationalism to deepen the attacks on all workers and produce added profits that finance the imperialist slaughter in Iraq. The bosses will use nationalist and patriotic ideas to win millions of workers, immigrant and citizen alike, to support wider and deadlier wars.

Workers in the U.S. are hardly the only ones being bombarded with patriotism and nationalism. Several years ago, British Ford workers demonstrated against their plant closing, only to hear their union leaders demand more plant closings in the U.S.! More recently, workers across Europe marched and rallied against the loss of 10,000 jobs at Airbus. But this international solidarity was undermined by union leaders in France and Germany calling for plant closings in other countries.

In China, rapid industrialization and economic growth is creating a massive migration of rural workers to the cities. Workers have engaged in thousands of strikes and demonstrations over dangerous working conditions and rotten housing. Recently, Chinese bosses - still wrapped in the flag of the old Chinese Communist Party - organized over one million people to demonstrate against Japanese fascists' atrocities in World War II, to divert people from this sharpening class struggle.

Nationalism and patriotism are the dominant ideas in the world, especially since the reversals of the Russian Revolution in the 1950's and the Chinese Revolution in the 1960's. It was nationalism, in the form of supporting "national liberation" and uniting with "good" bosses that undermined and reversed those revolutions. Material concessions - growing wage inequalities, trading with "good" capitalists, etc. - had to be justified politically to workers, leaving them ideologically unprepared to oppose the growth of new "red" ruling classes.

'Communist Internationalism Is The Only Antidote To This Poison'

Communists fight for the international solidarity of the whole working class. Communist revolution will smash all borders. Our Party operates on these principles, as we build the movement for the seizure of power. PLP raises the banner of "Workers of the World, Unite!" We fight to build a mass international PLP across all borders. From New York City to Oaxaca, Mexico, from L.A. to El Salvador, from Colombia to Pakistan, wherever PLP exists, our revolutionary communist politics are the same, whatever the language.

We must bring these politics into the class struggle, and sharpen the fight against our own ruling class, bosses, cops, politicians and union mis-leaders. Our greatest act of international solidarity is fighting our bosses and school administrators where we are, and to organize inside the military. Simultaneously, we must reach out to support workers fighting worldwide, whether it's shipbuilders in Mississippi, GM workers in Russia, Toyota workers in the Philippines, Delphi workers in Spain or Morocco, teachers in Oaxaca or Lima, or miners in Chile or South Africa.

PLP recently celebrated the 40th anniversary of the 1967 Detroit Rebellion against racism (see page 8). That armed uprising of mostly black workers was not only the most significant anti-racist action of our time, but by forcing U.S. imperialism to divert troops headed for Vietnam to Detroit, it was also one of the greatest acts of international solidarity with the heroic Vietnamese workers and peasants.

Patriotism ties the workers to the ruling class. But these two classes are not the same. Some must work to eat while others live off our labor. A farmer in Oaxaca, an autoworker in Germany, an oil worker in Venezuela and an unemployed youth in Detroit, all have more in common with each other than with their own bosses. The international working class must sell our labor power to live. "I am Mexican," "I am German," "I am American" does not reflect who we really are or the world we live in.

The fact that autos and steel can be produced and sold everywhere has shrunk the world and increased the ability of auto, steel and aerospace workers to reach around it. By chasing the globe for markets and cheap labor, the bosses are bringing us closer together and as Marx said, creating their own grave-diggers.

But no matter how many graves are dug, the bosses will never jump in on their own. They will have to be pushed in, buried and have a new world built over their graves by revolutionary workers, soldiers and youth, led by a mass international PLP. As the world's imperialists sharpen their daggers against each other, and wider wars loom, opportunities to fight for internationalism are growing. J

Warmaking Rulers Tout New Academic Racist Book

Intellectuals pushing phony theories of inherent racial and ethnic differences have long aided the profit system's worst crimes. Genocide, imperialist war, police terror, mass jailings, and state-enforced poverty have all had professorial backers. Our Party has consistently exposed and fought pro-capitalist racist frauds, like Richard Herrnstein, Arthur Jensen and E.O. Wilson. Now a new chapter in academic racism's ugly history has appeared. The New York Times (8/7/07) printed a rave review of a book, "A Farewell to Alms," by University of California professor Gregory Clark, to be published in September by Princeton University Press.

A Liberal 'Back-To-School' Special

Clark blends the discredited theories of Malthus, Social Darwinism and Sociobiology to argue that wealth and poverty stem from inherited, perhaps genetic, traits. While only the book's introduction is publicly available now, online, the liberal media have the full text and are mounting an early free publicity campaign aimed at the Fall school term. As U.S. rulers (with their British allies) war for control of the Middle East and crack down on workers at home, what we've seen of "Farewell" leads to two false and deadly conclusions: Anglo-American genetic superiority and the futility of trying to help the poor.

Clark "proves" his point by focusing on the vast explosion in wealth, in a very few countries, caused by the Industrial Revolution, which began in England around 1800. Before that, he says, humanity was caught in a "Malthusian trap," in which the inability of stagnant food supplies to sustain a growing population continually stifled growth and impoverished the masses.

In Malthus's view, which Clark shares, war, famine and plague became positive boons, since they reduce the population that has to be fed. Clark ignores facts, like the overriding role of social organization - that is, politics. The warmongering, slavery-based Roman Empire, for example, managed to feed a million people in its capital for centuries. Industrial development took off first in England two centuries ago, he says, not because British capitalist imperialism was on the rise, but because British nobles had lots of children, who thus passed on a gene pool bigger and better than that of, say, the less fertile Chinese or Japanese lords. "The embedding of bourgeois values in the culture, and perhaps even the genetics, was for these reasons the most advanced in England." (Intro., p. 13) Using "perhaps" is scholarly sleight of hand. It lets Clark promote racist genetic determinism, without, in the eyes of academic hair-splitters, technically hanging his hat on it.

Ignores Imperialism, Slavery, Fears Mentioning Communism

Clark unabashedly and unscientifically cheerleads for the profit system, "growth in capitalist economies since the Industrial Revolution strongly promoted reduced inequality." (p. 14) Apparently, he has never heard of the slaves in the colonies that produced cotton for barefoot, ill-fed children to weave into cloth in England's "dark Satanic mills." In fact, in his book's introduction, subtitled "A Brief Economic History of the World," Clark never even mentions slavery, imperialism or colonies. And forget about communism or even socialism. The Times' reviewer, supposedly seeking "balance" from other academics' comments, completely ignores any even remotely Marxist refutation of Clark's absurdities.

Clark's book wouldn't be so dangerous if it were merely a distortion of remote history. But its introduction reads like a dressed-up, Anglo-American version of Hitler's "Mein Kampf," a manifesto of racial superiority. In explaining the contrast between mainly white Australia's affluence and mainly black sub-Saharan Africa's poverty, Clark speaks of "persistent cultural advantage." (p. 17) According to that logic, U.S. and British Exxon Mobil, Chevron, BP and Shell have an unchallengeable right to dominate the Mid-East's oil. Clark even echoes Malthus's 1790's claim that helping the poor was counterproductive.

The Times' arch-imperialist columnist Nicholas Kristof (8/9/07) glowingly refers to Clark, who "argues that conventional aid can leave African countries worse off than ever." Clark champions "middle-class values of non-violence, literacy, long working hours and a willingness to save" (Times' review). But hold these words to a mirror and read what Clark sees in society's enemies: violence, illiteracy, idleness and wastefulness. These are the very charges that racist U.S. rulers have lodged for centuries against black people, immigrants, and the working class in general.

At first glimpse, Clark's book seems to signal the next phase of a clever, profoundly pro-war, anti-communist, racist ideological campaign. Liberal Clark tries to avoid the taint of open racism. He wrote an op-ed article for the Baltimore Sun (8/6/07) calling for greatly eased restrictions on immigration. But Clark understands that U.S. capitalists always need access to cheap labor and today stand in dire need of more ground troops. Only time will tell whether Clark becomes a major or a minor shaper of the rulers' racist ideas. Liberal universities like the University of California and Princeton will continue to play the leading role. We must constantly unmask and attack academic racists wherever we confront them.

(A good book exposing "scientific" racism is "The Legacy of Malthus" by Allan Chase, Knopf, 1977.)

Industrial Workers Greet PLP Project with Open Arms

LOS ANGELES, CA., August 13 - The first three weeks of PLP's Summer Project involving 50 students and teachers, and directed towards industrial, transit, garment workers and students, has been a huge success. Volunteers gained a deeper understanding of PLP's ideas and appreciation for the potential of CHALLENGE to become a beacon for the industrial working class.

In order to effectively prepare for wider wars against other imperialists, the U.S. ruling class must reindustrialize and use increased racism against black and immigrant workers to super-exploit many more workers - including whites - in the growing subcontractor shops in California, the South and the Southwest. We saw the need and potential to bring our revolutionary communist anti-racist politics, through our CHALLENGE sales, to our brothers and sisters.

A comrade who gets out about 300 CHALLENGES per issue led a discussion in a study group about distributing the paper and asking for donations, with the understanding that PLP is the communist party of the working class and CHALLENGE is the workers' paper. He explained that in his experience workers generally like CHALLENGE when we get it to them. From this, we all took the distribution of the paper and asking for donations more seriously.

The workers' response to CHALLENGE has been great. Over 3,300 workers have bought the paper, 1,600 of the August 1 issue and 1,700 so far of the August 15 issue. For example, at one transit division, in an hour we sold over 90 papers to the multi-racial workforce, distributed over 200 leaflets, collected over $18 and one worker bought a subscription. At several factories we sold around 300 papers. This response to CHALLENGE can lead to more readers, sellers, and groupings around the paper in schools, factories and barracks.

In a study group about political economy, we further understood the "secret" of how profits are stolen from workers' labor and about the bloody and relatively short history of racist capitalism. We are already talking to workers about what we've learned about how they live every day.

A high point was an inspiring talk given by a veteran comrade who worked and organized on the railroads for over 11 years and helped found PLP. He urged us to fight with patience and persistence to build groupings around CHALLENGE - which will become our organizing base - and to fight for communism among workers, soldiers, students and teachers.

This was followed by a two-day communist school for present and future teachers on teaching communism in the classrooms and using CHALLENGE.

Another communist school discussed why industrial workers and soldiers are crucial to leading a revolution and building communism: the industrial workers' key role in producing weapons, their collectivity and organization, and soldiers' vital role in fighting - or not fighting - imperialist war. Industrial workers and soldiers are at the heart of the contradiction between themselves and the bosses. As inter-imperialist rivalry sharpens, they're in the best position to feel the contradictions of capitalism in flesh and blood, to see the need to destroy it and build a communist society based on meeting workers' needs. All sections of society - students, teachers, other workers, and professionals - are important, indeed essential, as allies of the working class in the fight for revolution.

Workers can't escape exploitation-Join the fight to end it

Out of their experiences in this Project and in New Orleans, several young students became interested in joining the industrial work. "My mother was exploited in the maquila in Mexico," said one youth, "forced to work from 4:30 AM to 4:30 PM for wages that we couldn't live on. Now I have to work and I want to help fight to end exploitation." Another was moved by workers' responses at the factories. He said, "My Dad has told me about the mistreatment he got at work, and I want to be part of the fight against it!" Others want to continue to bring CHALLENGE to workers and fellow students.

In building PLP and fighting for the Party to become more embedded in the working class, this Summer Project has been one more step forward on the road to revolution.J

Immigrant Workers Lead Wildcat vs. Firings, Deportation Threats

CHICAGO, IL August 10 - A two-week strike ended today at the Cygnus soap packaging plant. There are only 120 workers; all immigrants, mostly women, many undocumented and 90% are temporary workers who have worked there for years. None are in a union. Most are open to PLP.

Cygnus packages soap for Lever Bros., Target, Walgreens and many hotels. The wages and working conditions are lousy. Most workers were making $6.50/hour while technically working for a temp agency. The small percentage of "plant" workers aren't doing much better. One woman with 15 years had just started making $9/hour. When the workers began pushing for a raise, the bosses issued "No Match" letters to 8 of the leaders. These letters state that the social security number a worker is using doesn't match his/her name, even though they have been working here for years! The workers were told if they didn't have a "good" number they would be fired by August 10. This was clearly racist and sexist harassment against those organizing for a raise. The 8 walked out and everyone followed.

The bosses responded by changing temp agencies and replacing the strikers with black workers. At the same time, local nationalist immigration rights groups moved to lead the struggle. "10 de Marzo" is waging a media campaign against "No Match" letters while the Workers' Collaborative tried to negotiate for the workers. One of their organizers told the strikers that they would surely win because the bosses were replacing them with black workers, "who are lazy and slow."

PLP's presence was felt by the strikers from beginning to end. We weren't going to allow the bosses and the nationalist misleaders to pit black and Latin workers against each other and turn this strike into a mini-ethnic cleansing. At a Party club meeting, we talked about the need to expose the bosses and the temp agency as racist strike-breakers and to win the immigrant strikers to reach out to the black workers crossing the line. If we could link racist attacks against immigrants to the racist cop killing of Aaron Harrison (see article on front page), we could win workers on both sides of the line to see themselves as allies in the struggle against racist terror.

At a meeting with a group of strikers and supporters, a draft flier was approved and a plan was made to leaflet the workers crossing the line the next morning. Meanwhile, the misleaders were negotiating an end to the strike. As part of their "talks," they called off the picket line for the next morning.

In spite of this, immigrant strikers and black, Latin and white supporters reached out to the black workers crossing the line. Almost all of them took fliers. Once the flier started circulating inside, some workers came out to get more copies to take back inside. One woman, who had just dropped her daughter off for her first day of work, pulled over to talk. "I knew something had to be up," she said. "They never hired black kids here before." She said she was one of a few black families in a mostly Latin neighborhood and took a stack of fliers with her. She also said she would talk with her daughter.

Later that day, the strike ended with the company agreeing to take back the workers as needed, despite the fact that the sentiment of the strikers was, "We walked out together, we'll go back together." Before the strike, the company used to ship about 40,000 pallets of soap products a day. During the strike, that dropped to 7,000 and Lever Bros. threatened to start looking elsewhere. Some of the strikers are disgusted with Cygnus and say they will not return. But wherever they end up, they can be new members and friends of PLP, valuable additions to the movement for communist revolution.

PLP-led Multi-Racial Group Sends Minutemen Packing

CHICAGO, August 4 - The planned Minutemen rally in front of the Mexican Consulate was finished before it got started. A multi-racial group led by PLP picketed the rally area, chanting "Racists Go Home!" and "Workers United Will Never Be Defeated" in both English and Spanish. Anti-racist protestors dominated the sidewalk and the Minutemen were silenced, turning a racist rally into a multi-racial demonstration of working-class unity.

When the Minutemen arrived, about two dozen of us were waiting for them. When they began taking pictures of us from across the street, somebody smashed their video camera. A protester ripped their American flag off a pole, hurling it onto Ashland Avenue. The crowd surrounded the Minutemen, yelling "Racists Go Home!" while passers-by honked their horns and cheered in support.

As police cars arrived, the Minutemen cowered behind them. We formed a picket line, growing in number and energy as more anti-racist protestors joined in. We chanted "La Clase Obrera No Tiene Frontera" ("Workers Have No Borders") and "Whose Streets? Our Streets!" We rallied in front of the Consulate, forcing the Minutemen to huddle on the side and point out protesters to the police. Three protesters, including one PLP member, were arrested. We stopped the Minutemen from having their rally and showed that we will fight racism, especially with all the Presidential candidates of both parties blaming undocumented immigrants for the attacks suffered by all workers due to the bosses' endless wars and financial crises.

Vets: There Can Be No Peace with Capitalism, Imperialism

"The times they are a changing" goes the old song. According to almost every poll, most active-duty, rank-and-file soldiers, vets, reserves and National Guard no longer favor the Iraq war. Vast majorities in this country, Iraq and indeed, the world agree with them. Iraq veterans, their families and supporters can testify to the troops' increased openness to anti-war ideas.

"The more things change, the more they stay the same" was how the predicament was summed up at the Veterans for Peace convention in St. Louis. The war continues. The casualty list grows; tens of thousands wounded come back to under-funded VA care; hundreds of thousands of Iraqis are slaughtered in the name of freedom and democracy. Unemployment and racism fuel the backdoor draft which Congress plans to expand with "The DREAM Act."

To those who remember the Vietnam War this predicament spans at least 40 years. After being forced to quit Vietnam - in part because of increasingly violent mass rebellion among the lower-ranking troops - the bosses spent the better part of 30 years rebuilding their "force structure." They were preparing for the inevitable next war to defend their imperialist empire.

The Iraq war is about more than blood for oil profits; it is about control of oil to force their imperialist competitors - like Russia, China and maybe even parts of the European Union - to bow to the U.S. bosses' strategic interests. This war is based on more than a lie or a mistake; U.S. capitalists are in a desperate fight to get the upper hand in their competition with rising Chinese bosses and others that need Mid-East oil to fuel their economies.

Build an Anti-Racist, Class-Conscious International Movement

Fool me once, shame on you! Fool me twice, shame on me! We don't want to build a movement that aids the bosses' attempts to rebuild their imperialist force structure. When liberal politicians talk about building a patriotic movement for peace they are preparing just such an outcome. Iran may well be next on their imperialist agenda.

Patriotism never serves the interest of the working class. Nationalism was invented by the capitalists to fool workers into fighting for the bosses' interests. National security is equal to the bosses' security. We have more in common with the Iraqi workers than the rich CEOs and bank directors that run the oil companies and every other major exploiter - or the generals and politicians that faithfully represent their interests.

Racism stands with nationalism as powerful tools in the bosses' bag of dirty tricks. Indeed, racism has historically been used to justify imperialist invasions as well as undermining working-class and soldier rebellions.

On the other hand, anti-racist rebellions produced some of the sharpest and most militant fights against imperialism in the Armed Forces to date. From the united black, Latin and white sailors on the aircraft carriers Kitty Hawk and Constellation that rebelled against the brass' racism and deployment to Vietnam to the nationwide defense of Billy Dean Smith, a black GI accused of fragging (killing) an officer, anti-racism has been the leading edge of GI resistance.

Join and Build the Revolutionary Communist PLP

Veterans, soldiers and workers can never be at peace with this system. The imperialist drive to maximize profits around the world must lead to bigger and more deadly wars. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the bosses have been dividing and re-dividing the world to the benefit of one or another capitalist. They've spilt rivers of our blood in this violent competition.

Every capitalist class must compete or die. Imperialism will never become benign or humanitarian. The only way to end imperialist wars is to tear out capitalism by its roots with communist revolution.

Soldiers and vets can play a key role in this process. By uniting with their working-class brothers and sisters, they can help lead a movement to turn the bosses' imperialist wars for profits into a war for workers' power. Let no more die for the bosses' imperialist nightmare!

Bosses' Answer to Newark Killings: Fascism

"I'm on the verge of telling my guys to suspend civil liberties and start frisking everybody. I'm at that point. What's wrong with that?" - Essex County, N.J. Sheriff Armando Fontoura.

NEWARK, N.J. - The recent execution-style killings of three college students in a school playground in this city's Vailsburg section has set off a firestorm of political activity. Key political forces, including recently-elected mayor Cory Booker, are moving quickly to capitalize on the justifiable anger that many residents feel about these murders. Fighting for a communist line within this bosses' morass becomes even more important.

Rutgers University in Newark is the home base of George "Killer" Kelling, a professor in the School of Criminal Justice and author of the "Broken Windows" theory of crime prevention. Kelling promotes large-scale arrests in urban areas for "quality-of-life" crimes like public drinking and homelessness. Supposedly this preserves "public order" and thereby prevents more serious crimes like rape and murder.

Kelling's false and unscientific theories particularly criminalize young black and Latino men. This "theory" was first practiced in a big way in New York City under Police Commissioner Bratton (now Los Angeles police chief). After Booker's election, he appointed one of Bratton's disciples, Gary McCarthy, to be Newark's Police Director.

Since he arrived, McCarthy has practiced Kelling's theories with a vengeance. Many long-time residents have relatives or friends who the cops have stopped or grabbed. Meanwhile, the city's murder rate has remained constant. Guns continue to flow into Newark; many go to the gang-bangers, who sell drugs under the cops' watchful eyes.

Several days after the shooting, a Latino juvenile, and then a Latino adult were arrested. The cops and media claim the adult is an undocumented immigrant. Racist Morristown Mayor Cresitello (who was shouted down by PLP-led anti-racists on July 28th) immediately called for a statewide use of local cops to serve as immigration agents in order to "prevent crime." Newark councilman Ron Rice, Jr. proposed a law requiring Newark cops to report arrested undocumented immigrants to Homeland Security. This is a blatant attempt to divide black and Latino workers, blaming immigrants for the problems capitalism has heaped upon both groups - mass racist unemployment, low wages, lousy schools - and use anti-immigrant racism to split the whole working class.

According to a fourth student who survived her shooting, the three other students were lined up against a wall before being shot in the head. There is no doubt that many young people have been desensitized to random violence. But the city's rulers want to use this senseless violence to push their racist agenda. The Star Ledger, their mouthpiece, gave its stamp of approval to comments by the father of one victim that Newark's parents are to blame for these incidents. The Ledger also called for more community "cooperation" with the cops. All of this is designed to take the heat off the capitalist system and advance Kelling's fascist "community policing" within this city.

Unemployment is an inevitable consequence of the capitalist drive to hold down wages. Since before the 1967 Newark rebellion, mass racist unemployment has led to a host of economic and social problems, including poverty, drugs, the breakdown of support systems, and alienation. Street crime is a product of this social dislocation. Fascist culture has added another dimension to this anti-social activity, glorifying violence. In any case, criminal actions can be traced directly to capitalism's class nature.

The biggest and most violent criminals are those who steal the labor of the working class (see article right), and then wage wars to expand their profit scheme. Communists in Vailsburg have a history of involvement in sharp struggle for the community's needs. We're immersed in campaigns to demand more jobs and recreation, particularly for our youth. This will continue. However, no reforms will solve the problems of Newark's workers. Only a communist revolution can give our young people the world they deserve and so desperately need.

Who's Stealing from Whom?

LOS ANGELES - "Whoever steals a pair of blue jeans will be fired immediately, and could even go to jail," yelled the boss.

In many garment factories, the bosses' security guards search purses and backpacks, supposedly to make sure workers don't "steal" the clothes they produce. History's biggest thieves are accusing their victims of actions they "legally" commit every day! So, "who's stealing from whom?"

For example, at the factory where workers produce Lucky Brand and Yanuck jeans, the pieces for the pants come from a cutting service. The manufacturer has invested the cost of the material, what he paid for cutting them, and for transportation, an average of $10 per pair.

However, the unconnected pieces are, by themselves, practically useless. They have no use value. But when the workers sew the pieces together, they "magically" become something useful - finished pants which do have use value. They can fill our need to clothe ourselves. Only we workers can, with our labor, add this value.

With this use value the pants can also be sold on the market. They now have exchange value because they can be bought with money. In the stores Yanuk jeans sell for $139 to $167; Lucky Brand from $90 to $132.

The Worker Adds The Value, But Who Reaps Almost Everything?

The manufacturer pays the garment boss (the subcontractor) $9 per completed pair. Let's say the subcontractor's cost for each finished pair is $5, - $3 in wages and the rest in rent, electricity, etc. The subcontractor's profit is then $4 per pair. In normal times we produce about 15,000 pairs weekly, netting the garment boss $60,000 profit per week. Meanwhile, the 200 garment workers who produce all this wealth receive, collectively, $45,000 per week. The boss makes $3 million a year and all the rest of us together only earn $2.34 million.

Where does his $3 million profit come from? From that part of the value that we've added to the pieces for which the boss does not pay us. This is what Karl Marx discovered, what he called "surplus value." This is the great secret of how the capitalists have become rich: stealing from us! And they have the nerve to call us thieves.

How Much Do The Manufacturer And The Store-owner Steal?

The manufacturer's cost is $19 per pair: $10 for the cut pieces, and another $9 paid to the garment boss (subcontractor). He then sells it to the store for $59, or a profit of $40 per pant. So 15,000 pairs per week gives him $600,000, or about $31 million per year.

The store-owner sells each pair for about $132, leaving him with $72 profit per pair. Selling 15,000 pairs weekly brings in $1,080,000 profit, or $56 million a year.

Thus, the three bosses together - the subcontractor, $3 million; the manufacturer, $31 million; and the store-owner, $56 million - steal more than $91 million a year (less the manufacturer's and store-owner's costs for rent, utilities, wages and taxes). How many thousands of millions of dollars do the rest of the garment bosses steal from the tens of thousands of Los Angeles garment workers?

Workers Don't Need The Bosses Or Their Profit System

The bosses are only interested in exchange value. The clothing we produce has a lot of use value, but if the bosses can't sell it, they would rather throw it away. That's why millions of people worldwide don't have enough clothes. The food that a farm worker produces has tremendous use value, but, under capitalism, he who can't pay is condemned to starve. That's why every year over 54 million people globally die of hunger.

Our labor power makes the earth produce food, it makes steel and concrete into bridges, roads, buildings, houses and weapons, material into clothing, and metals into useful tools. We add the use value, which fills humanity's needs. We don't need exchange value, which enables a handful of capitalist parasites to condemn billions of our class brothers and sisters to poverty. We don't need such exploitation or money that this criminal, racist, murderous profit system imposes on us.

We need a system based on use value, a system that produces to meet the needs of the international working class. A system without bosses, profits or wars for profit - communism. To achieve it, we must unite and join and build the Progressive Labor Party, so that millions of workers can destroy capitalism with communist revolution. Read and distribute CHALLENGE, PLP's newspaper. Join the Party of the international working class!

NEA Teachers Back PLP Attack on Electoral Circus

PHILADELPHIA, PA, July - "Our responsibility as teachers is to fight for a better education for our working-class students," said a young comrade in a speech to the NEA Convention here. "To do this we must unite with them and their families to oppose shrinking funds for schools while more and more taxes flow to Iraq. No capitalist politician is going to help us build this fight. The main goal of these politicians is to defend U.S. imperialism in the Middle East and to send our disproportionately black and Latino students off to kill and die for oil profits. Their plans for 'education reform' are to raise student achievement so working-class youth can be recruited as effective soldiers and workers in war production. The leadership of the NEA is doing us no favors by pushing these politicians or the whole electoral circus. Instead, we must discuss how to teach our students to fight for their own class interests. We must not allow politicians to distract us from using our strength as a 3.2 million strong organization to fight against war and fascism."

In a National Education Association (NEA) Representative Assembly (RA) devoted to speeches from every Democratic candidate for President (and one Republican), this young comrade's speech demanding that "no politicians or their representatives be invited or allowed to speak at the 2008 convention" was electrifying. Teachers applauded and approached us to support our ideas. We sold more subscriptions to CHALLENGE-DESAFIO than we have at the past five conventions put together. When our politics are in sharp contrast to the NEA's pandering to Democratic Party politicians, we get a great response.

In the RA and the California Caucus, we struggled for many left ideas: attacking No Child Left Behind as educational policy preparing for war, opposing immigration policy that makes legalization dependent upon military service, attacking pro-war propaganda in the NEA newsletter, calling for an end to the war in Afghanistan and withdrawal from Iraq leaving no military bases behind, and raising the need to fight against racist unemployment among black and Latino youth. We were also active in several special-interest caucuses, raising the struggle against Democratic Party politicians, against pacifism and to support workers' struggles. This led to making several contacts, (including Japanese teachers - see CHALLENGE 8/15/07) and strengthening ties with friends we had known from other years.

We had a forum contrasting the liberal idea of "saving" working-class students from the military with the communist plan of winning our students as comrades to lead the revolutionary struggle by entering the military. Our literature reflected this important difference; our leaflet about the DREAM Act said that the immigrant students the bosses want to recruit to the Army are capitalism's grave-diggers, and that we welcome the challenge to win them to organize the Party in the military. Between mass and hand-to-hand distributions, NEA delegates took 800 CHALLENGES and nearly 8,000 leaflets.

Ideas Lead To Action: Teachers Take On A Racist

In the context of our efforts to fight for the most left ideas and to build ties with other teachers, we and our friends had a dramatic struggle in the California Caucus against an anti-immigrant racist from Fontana. When he used dehumanizing, racist language to attack immigrants, comrades rushed to the microphone to object. When Caucus misleaders shut down our comrades instead of the racist, we led a multiracial group to circulate a petition demanding the racist be stopped. The next day, this group went to the microphone to protest. Our principled action against racism exposed the misleaders and won the respect of other delegates, who, because of our leadership in waging class struggle in our local, state, and national union meetings, are coming closer to Progressive Labor Party.

Bosses' Long-Term Negligence Paralyzes NYC Subways

NEW YORK CITY, August 8 - Today an hour of torrential rain paralyzed this city for over four hours, flooding subway tunnels and train lines and leading to a complete breakdown of communications. The bosses have spent billions of dollars on Homeland Security. Here they have focused their publicity campaigns on the security of the city's subways and bridges. But today it was capitalism's own internal failing and deterioration - not any external force or threat - that left workers stranded in the early morning rush hour.

People wandered aimlessly from station to station searching for transportation and information. Muffled and incomprehensible announcements over public address systems in the worker-less, automated stations only added to the chaos. Blackberries and cell phones proved useless as the Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) website overloaded and news stations lamely suggested that workers "avoid the MTA until further notice."

The city bosses scrambled to deflect blame for their complete inability to respond to the crisis. Ultimately they cited the National Weather service for "failing to warn them." But the bosses have known for years that when the 6,000 miles of sewer pipes back up, the water entering subway tunnels has nowhere to go. In 2004 an early morning storm caused similar problems. Still the city did nothing to correct it.

Earlier this summer an explosion of an 80-year-old steam line critically injured two people, and has kept a section of midtown a "frozen-zone" for most of the summer. With the recent bridge collapse in Minnesota, New Yorkers are rightfully worried about the city's infrastructure that relies heavily on a network of bridges and tunnels connecting the five boroughs and neighboring suburbs. The Brooklyn Bridge received a "safety" rating of only 2.9 on a 7-point scale, yet no plans exist for any work on the bridge in the near future.

An important aspect of this criminal neglect is the fact that a sizeable majority of the subway-riding public and the transit workers themselves are black and Latino, and the racism of the bosses makes them even less concerned about these workers' plight.

Can they fix all of this? Not easily. With the cost of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan running over $300 million a day, the rulers will have to try to squeeze the working class even more to find the hundreds of billions a city like New York needs. They will also have to convince some of their own class, through threat or appeal, to give up some of their profits in the form of higher taxes.

Since the 1970's, some like the more far-seeing banker Felix Rohatyn, concerned with the long-term survival of his capitalist system, have been advocating repair of the infrastructure of NYC and the country. But so far many bosses don't seem to be volunteering to sacrifice their immediate profits for the well-being of the entire capitalist class.

Workers have no side in this bosses' dogfight. The main lesson from this situation is that a system based on greed and individualism can't be fixed. It's rotten to the core.

Utah Miners Facing Death From Owner-Govt. Collusion

The six miners who have been trapped in a coal mine near Huntington, Utah, for eight days at this writing (August 14) face death as a direct result of the collusion between the bosses' government and the coal bosses. Once again, capitalism's profits are first, workers' lives last. (As we go to press, a cave in killed three rescuers searching for the buried miners).

This murderous act follows close on the heels of three fatalities in an Indiana mine, adding to the 56 deaths since the Sago disaster 19 months ago in West Virginia. With all the hoopla and "official concern" following Sago, nothing has been done to avert more such deaths.

The CEO of the Crandall Canyon Mine, Robert Murray, cynically blamed an "earthquake" for the mine collapse. But scientists at the University of Utah Seismograph Station said the recorded movement in the area was not a quake but rather "consistent with a mine-type collapse." In the last 12 years, half a dozen other mine collapses have caused similar seismic waves.

The fact is, Crandall Canyon has been issued 325 citations for safety violations since January 2004. The mine owners were ordered to pay over $150,000 in penalties. But the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), true to form, working hand in glove with the bosses, does little to enforce these regulations and allows the bosses to go their merry way killing miners in exchange for some paltry fine.

In this case, just last month inspectors had cited the mine for violating federal rules "requiring" at least two separate passageways be available for escape in an emergency, the third time in less than two years the mine had been so cited. No wonder. Bush's first appointee to head MSHA had served as general manager of the Energy West Mining Co. right there in Huntington.

The criminality of the mine owners and their government are clear in the absence of emergency communications equipment, the lack of adequate escape provisions, the bosses' refusal to give miners adequate emergency oxygen supplies and the insufficient system for mobilizing rescue teams.

Meanwhile, the United Mine Workers union, allied with the Democratic Party and their constant "promises" to fix the situation, has been betraying miners' struggles for decades and has helped the owners keep most of the industry non-union. The starting pay in the non-union Crandall Canyon mine is $8 an hour. Three of the trapped miners are Latino immigrants. Thus, the owners take advantage of anti-immigrant racism to pay poverty wages to ALL miners, white as well as Latino, and thereby reap super-profits.

Miners, historically one of the most militant sections of the U.S. working class, must draw on their tradition of armed struggle with the coal barons, combined with the leadership of communist ideas, and organize to fight to get rid of the profit system that sends them to an early grave.

LETTERS

Israel 'Finishing what Nazis started'?

Thousands of holocaust survivors, many still with the number given to them by the Nazis tattooed in their arms, protested in early June in front of of the office of Ehud Olmert, the Primer Minister of Israel. Dressed in the uniform and the yellow star that they were forced to wear inside the concentration camps, these old survivors protested the harsh economic situation they suffer today.

Of the 250,000 survivors still living in Israel, 180,000 receive no help from the Zionist state, and 80,000 live with income below the poverty level. Most of them are of Russian origin and don't even get the 125 Euros a month Germany provides to camp survivors. Many of the survivors have actually gone back to live in Germany where the monthly compensation is higher and medical care is free.

The protest denounced the "insulting raise" of 20 dollars offered by the Israeli government to "the most needy ones." Speakers at the protest accused Olmert of a "biological solution" and of "trying to finish what the Nazis started."

The Zionist government tried to stop the protest which included thousands of supporters. The situation for survivors in Israel is actually worse than in most European countries. Throughout the years, Israeli governments have actually kept some 700 million Euros from survivors and their descendants. This money is part of the recovery of the loot stolen by the Nazis from Jews during the 3rd Reich.

Olmert, fearing the political impact of this situation, said that a rise in the subsidy to survivors will be discussed, while at the same time trying to dismiss the issue as being just politics. The "politics" that he really wants to ignore is that the rulers of modern Israel are the heirs of the Zionists who collaborated with the Nazis (like the Judenrat) and later founded the state of Israel. They care very little about the victims of the Nazi holocaust, and have used their memories to cover their own atrocities against Palestinians. As Yosef Cherni, an 82 year-old survivor of the Warsaw Ghetto and Treblinka said: "With their actions, the state of Israel is denying the Holocaust."

An Anti-Zionist reader

Minnesota Workers Condemn Bosses' Murderers

On August 1 during rush hour here in Minneapolis, the I-35W bridge disintegrated, killing at least seven workers, with the death toll expected to climb. Our sympathies go out to the families of the dead and injured. There were many working-class heroes, black, Latino and white, men and women, who risked their own lives to rescue victims. The whole site looked hellish, with most of the bridge in the Mississippi River, and with cars crushed beneath steel and concrete. One main beam gave way and, in a chain reaction, the whole bridge just fell apart from one end to the other.

All the bosses, from racist Governor Tim Pawlenty to those in Washington, are to blame for this tragedy. In 2005, a U.S. Department of Transportation report said the bridge was "structurally deficient" and should be replaced entirely, at a cost of $800 million, half from the State and matching funds from Washington. But instead, the money went to the racist, imperialist Iraq war.

As with New Orleans' levees, Bush & Co. have workers' blood on their hands. Pawlenty is just as guilty because he knew the bridge had problems, but refused to close it because Minnesota trucking companies who use the bridge would have lost millions. Again, bosses' profits were more important than workers' lives.

At our workplace there was lots of political discussion about capitalism's disregard for workers' lives and how communism would be a better way to run society. CHALLENGE readers, friends of the Party, took up a small collection for the Red Cross Disaster Relief Fund. The readers, black, Latino, citizen and immigrant, are distributing a PLP leaflet condemning the bosses' anti-working class murder of our brother and sister workers. These readers are also sponsoring an SEIU union resolution written by a fellow worker supporting the victims and their families.

Capitalism and bosses are killers. They will kill workers in the U.S. just as readily as they kill U.S. working-class soldiers and Iraqi workers in Iraq. Workers need communist revolution, from Minnesota to Oaxaca, Mexico to Baghdad to liberate our class from the hell of capitalism.

Minnesota Red

PL'ers, CHALLENGE Get 'Fantastic Reception'

The following is from a comrade who came from another city to participate in the LA Summer Project and wrote to his CHALLENGE readers upon returning home.)

Dear CHALLENGE Reader,

I just returned from the Los Angeles Summer Project. It was a fantastic experience! Another PLP member and I were reinvigorated by the people we met and the activities we were involved in. We plan to improve our political activity here based on those experiences.

Many young people participated. Some gave leadership to the project, organizing leaflet distributions and CHALLENGE sales and led a study group I attended. I discussed a CHALLENGE article and the importance (and reluctance of some people) to ask for money when we distribute the paper.

Some felt we shouldn't ask poor people for money. Others felt it was liberalism on their part not to ask. We finally agreed that CHALLENGE is a good and important paper, the paper of the working class, and that we should ask people to support it in many ways, including by donating money to help pay for its production. We realized that we need to struggle to make donations an important part of distributing CHALLENGE.

The most important part of the Project is organizing industrial workers in the LA area. I saw a list of perhaps 40 factories with anywhere from 100 to 5,000 workers at each factory! Eighty percent of outsourcing is not overseas but right here in the USA and LA is a leading area for this reindustrialization.

At a plant we went to we had a fantastic reception. Most workers rolled down their car windows on the way in, took a leaflet and a paper, listened to what we had to say and often donated money. I've been selling CHALLENGE for over 30 years among farm workers, garment workers, bus drivers and at colleges, and I've NEVER seen the kind of reception we got at this factory.

I encourage all PLP members and friends to participate in this Project and other such projects in the future. These workers are very open to our ideas and since industrial workers are the backbone of the economy, it's crucial that we organize them.

I want to thank those who donated money to help pay for the Summer Project.

Lauds Garment Struggles; Queries Outcome

It was very exciting to read about the recent struggle in a garment factory! It seems like this sharp class struggle was built on a deep foundation of ties with other workers. It is always great for the party when comrades can build the kind of ties that allow co-workers to step up in struggle against the boss like these workers did. I was wondering, when I read the article, what happened to the original issue of the boss docking pay for those who did not clock in and out properly. Clearly the main victory is the workers' solidarity and left ideas built during the struggle whether the boss gives in or not, but it would help the readers understand the lessons of the struggle better if we had a little more detail about its results. Based on whether the immediate struggle was won or lost, how did the workers react? I've been involved in struggles where our demands were met and struggle where they were not, and I think that changes what and how workers learn from their experience. I look forward to an update.

A curious comrade

DESAFIO Brings Politics into ESL Class

In teaching English as a second language, we find DESAFIO a useful tool. We point out articles in Spanish and English about immigration and when visiting students' homes, getting to know them better. We find the immigration bill clauses demanding a knowledge of English can trap people into thinking they're never "good enough." In fact, most classes in languages drill on grammar and don't inspire confidence in speaking ability. Sometimes, we make humor out of the irregularities and encourage people to talk about their experiences. Then, the conversation turns to how capitalism sets up many barriers to a better life for us all.

In reality, teaching useful English along with the politics about jobs and daily living is more practical. While we take seriously our ability to convey communication skills, teaching with DESAFIO fosters fewer illusions in us teachers, too, about "helping those less fortunate" and gives the right priority to communist ideas.

[Although, we have also found it useful to supplement CHALLENGE/DESAFIO with texts which are cheaply available second-hand such as "Side by Side" by Steven Molinsky and Bill Bliss and "The Oxford Picture Dictionary" by Norma Shapiro and Jayme Goldstein.]

We got out notices for free classes in buildings in the block of our church and still make home visits in a large apartment complex. Delivering papers, we learn of personal problems, such as their children sick in the home countries - where it is impossible to visit and safely return to the US. One of us attended a fertility clinic in order to provide translation. This same teacher was asked to be a witness for a marriage license. Holidays and BBQs are celebrated - teachers and students with families far away, but happy company together.

ESL outreach has expanded to day laborers waiting for work in "muster zones" throughout our state. Here we meet up with other volunteer teachers from churches and immigrant rights groups, whom we will get to know much better. We use flip charts of color copies of pages from the Spanish/English dictionary. We provide tools like hammers and tape measures, practice useful phrases such as "does the job provide lunch?" and - when harassment by the police is absent - discuss articles in DESAFIO.

The process is creative - sometimes we sit on a tree stump or a milk crate. There is much humor, when we all pronounce each others' words wrong. The jokes are ripe with puns and homonyms - we locals are sometimes a bit "loco." We can honestly say that we've learned more about the people from eight various countries than we have taught them.

NJ Red ESL Teacher

Fighting Anti-Iraqi Racism on Front Lines

I recently replied to a letter from my cousin (printed in the last issue of CHALLENGE) where I explained that if all soldiers cared about was surviving they would rebel and go home. I explained that I thought soldiers were more worried about being punished and losing rank and pay if they rebelled against the war. In response my cousin sent me this letter:

Hey, how are you doing? I got your letter today. Everything is going as good as it can be here - I am still alive. I hit my first I.E.D. [improvised explosive device] the other day. It rattled me pretty good. I am fine with no injury except for headaches...

Your letter really resonated with what I've been struggling with the most. Lately I've been feeling like this is pointless; soldiers are getting shot or blown up on a daily basis. Everyday someone comes to tell me that they've been blown up or in a firefight. Still people do not refuse to fight. What sharper contradiction is there than that? It is definitely more about the UCMJ [uniform code of military justice], article 15s [a common reprimand] and pay and rank loss than about surviving. But it also may have to do with how they look at themselves: as the saying goes, death before dishonor.

I was talking to a friend about how nothing is changing for the better. He said we are shooting more people and blowing up more houses and buildings, yet we are getting shot and targeted with bigger I.E.D.s. I told him it is never going to get any better because we're killing the people we're supposed to be helping. He agreed, but said there was nothing we can do. I talked about becoming a conscientious objector, refusing to go. He said you'd probably get an article 15, lose pay and people would look down on you. As long as I stay with the tank, I'll be alive.

I talk to a lot of people about the same thing. Another friend of mine told me how his unit was in a firefight (one sided) where insurgents shot grenades and small arms fire at them. They replied with Bradleys, Strykers, and Apaches demolishing a whole city block. They also went black on ammo. [What that translates to is two armored personnel carriers equipped with tank turrets and a helicopter shot up the block with missiles, artillery, and heavy machine gun fire until every weapon ran out of ammo]. He told me that within hours people were lining up on the streets with all their belongings to leave the city. He said "I hope that made it better." But I think it made it worse. Now there are more abandoned houses for the insurgents to hide weapons and stage from and they are more likely to get support from locals.

This week (I am writing this over a week's worth of time) I struggled with racism in the army toward the Iraqi people. I had to treat I.A. [Iraqi Army] soldiers. One had severe burns and a missing hand. The other had his foot and both his arms blown off.

I treated both patients: stabilizing the burn victim while the other patient was crashing so fast we had to stick a central line into his chest and force fluid into him. Another infantry guy and I got them into a Bradley. I had the infantry guy hold IV bags and continue to force fluid into both patients while I breathed for the more critical soldier who unfortunately died on the way.

The infantry guy got out while I was still working on the guy who died, trying to revive him. The medics who work at the aid station just stood around doing nothing. The infantry guy came back to help me unload the patient. Afterward he told me that for an "American" the medics would be all over them to help. "The I.A. is doing the job out there; it could have been me who kicked down the door and got blown up." It's really screwed up that they stood around like that. He said he wished he spoke Arabic so he could have told the I.A. soldiers how sorry we were that one of their guys died. Everyday he talks about the racism.

Even worse is watching innocent people being shot because they are mistaken for I.E.D. placers. We are experiencing the loss of humanity.

REDEYE

Big anti-war groups help Dems lie

…The Democratic bumper-sticker message of a quick end to the [Iraq] conflict - however much it appeals to primary voters - oversimplifies…

...Even as they call for an end to the war and pledge to bring the troops home, the Democratic presidential candidates are setting out positions that could leave the United States engaged in Iraq for years.

The candidates are…hoping to tamp down any expectation that the war would abruptly end if they were elected….saying the conditions more than a year from now remain too uncertain….

A new phase of the debate seems to be unfolding, with antiwar groups giving the Democrats latitude to take positions short of a full and immediate withdrawal. Neither Moveon.org nor its affiliated group, Americans Against Escalation in Iraq, have sought to press Democrats…. (NYT, 8/12)

Ally? Oops!

Gen. Musharraf is also under pressure from the White House, where some officials seem to think they invaded the wrong country after 9/11. (GW, 8/10)

'Living green' is a no-struggle cop-out

Dozens of new books seem to provide an answer: we can save the world by embracing "better, greener lifestyles."…It's easy. Just make your own bread, butter, cheese, jam, chutneys and pickles, keep a milking cow, a few pigs, goats, geese, ducks, chickens, beehives, gardens and orchards. Well, what are you waiting for?

You can save the planet from your kitchen - if you have endless time and plenty of land.

…Green consumerism is another form of atomization - a substitute for collective action….Hard political choices will have to be made, and the economic elite…must be challenged, not groomed and flattered. (GW, 8/3)

Built after Watts, hospital closing

Martin Luther King Jr.-Harbor Hospital, built in the aftermath of the Watts riots and one of the few hospitals serving the poorest residents of South Los Angeles, is headed for closing after federal regulators found Friday that it was unable to meet minimum standards for patient care….

But local officials worried about…residents of the Watts/Willowbrook area of Los Angeles.

"They are going to be left without a safety net for healthcare,"….Supervisors were aware that the hospital was being nicknamed Killer King by people who lived in the neighborhood….

Others echoed the criticism. "The Board of Supervisors failed to put enough money and personnel into the hospital"…. (NYT, 8/11)

'Rule of law' twisted vs. Islamics

Jon B. Eisenberg knows something so secret that the government will let him write it down only in a secure facility.

Mr. Eisenberg is suing the government on behalf of clients who say they were illegally wiretapped by the National Security Agency. Yet he was required to write an appellate brief in a government office, supervised by a Justice Department Security officer….

"We were not allowed to keep a copy of what we wrote"….

At its center is a document that Mr. Eisenberg's clients, an Islamic charity and two of its lawyers, say proves that their international communications were subject of N.S.A. eavesdropping….

The government's fundamental argument…is that national security concerns require dismissal….

As for Mr. Eisenberg…. "So, it's like this," he said…"yesterday I wrote a brief, of which I was not allowed to keep a copy, responding to arguments which I was not permitted to see, which will be met by a reply which I will not be permitted to see." (NYT, 8/13)

Finance emperors have no clothes?

Warren E. Buffett once said when the tide goes out, you find out who is naked. There is suddenly a lot of skin showing on Wall Street. (NYT, 8/3)

Sounds like we need communism!

After the industrial revolution, the gap in living standards between the richest and the poorest countries started to accelerate, from wealth disparity of about 4 to 1 in 1800 to more that 50 to 1 today. Just as there is no agreed explanation for the industrial Revolution, economists cannot account well for the divergence between rich and poor nations or they would have better remedies to offer.

Many commentators point to a failure of political and social institutions as the reason that poor countries remain poor. But the proposed medicine of institutional reform "has failed repeatedly to cure the patient." (NYT, 8/7)

Military Build-up Pits U.S. Bosses vs. Russians, Chinese

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) was scheduled to meet on August 16. Presidents of its six member countries - China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan - will attend. The presidents of Iran, Mongolia and Turkmenistan and the Foreign Ministers of India and Pakistan will be observers. Iran and Mongolia have applied for membership. This meeting marks a sharpening inter-imperialist rivalry and points to the need for us to redouble our efforts to build for communist revolution.

Prior to the summit, the SCO will be conducting "Peace Mission 2007," its largest military "counter-terrorism" exercise ever, involving some 6,500 troops, more than 500 pieces of military equipment and over 80 aircraft. U.S. imperialists see these exercises as further proof that the SCO, dominated by Russia and China, was created to counter U.S. influence in resource-rich Central Asia and to stop NATO's expansion eastward. William Odom, a Senior Fellow of the Hudson Institute, says, "The SCO is the most dangerous organization that Americans have never heard of." U.S. rulers have responded with their own massive military exercise, dubbed "Valiant Shield" (from August 6-13), involving three aircraft carriers, over 22,000 troops, more than 30 ships and some 290 planes. Navy Admiral Robert Willard, commander of the Pacific Fleet, said, "It's a demonstration of the U.S. military's commitment to the region [Asia-Pacific] and the high level of readiness of our forces, even in very busy operational times."

The SCO summit and these military exercises point to sharpening inter-imperialist struggle over world domination - oil and gas being at the eye of this storm. Wider and more lethal wars - speeding toward World War III - are the inexorable outcome of the world bosses' dogfight. Central Asia has become an important battlefield.

Shortly after the Soviet Union's demise, the imperialists began their fight for control of Central Asia's newly-independent states. This has only intensified as the imperialists' struggle to control the world's oil and gas resources has become more desperate, especially since China's oil will be depleted in an estimated 14 years, the U.S.'s by the year 2016 and the North Sea's [England] by 2015.

Therefore, at stake in Central Asia are not only its 15 billion barrels of proven oil reserves and the more than nine trillion cubic meters of gas but also the major role it plays in the fight to control Eurasia. Zbigniew Brzezinski, a senior strategist for U.S. imperialism, says in "The Grand Chessboard," the power which controls Eurasia controls the world.

Strategically located, the control of Central Asia's resources are centered around three things: first, control and production of the oil and gas; second, control of the pipelines that will take them to the markets; and third, to which markets they should flow.

The Chinese and the Russians want these resources to flow east - to China, India and Pakistan. The U.S. and some European bosses want them to flow west to the European market, to break their dependence on Russian energy supplies. With this, U.S. rulers hope to get the European bosses to side with them in any global confrontation. Some European bosses, however, are looking east and want to hitch their wagon to the rising powers in that region.

Whatever the outcome of these butchers' squabble, workers have nothing to gain by siding with any imperialists or with their local bosses. Our struggle is to win the industrial working class and the soldiers in the bosses' armies to a revolutionary communist outlook. Both are crucial for mobilizing all sectors of the working class for revolution. Only by recruiting them to a mass Party will we be able to turn the bosses' impending global war into a war for workers' power and the building of a communist society.

'67 Detroit Rebellion Shows Workers' Potential To Take Power

PART II - (Part I described the racist conditions that triggered the rebellion.)

This was not a race riot. Black and white people participated together, not fighting one another, as thousands demonstrated, marched and rallied in the streets. Young people broke store windows and urged members of the community to help themselves to what they needed. The uprising was led by blacks who continued to face the worst living and working conditions that U.S. capitalism had to offer. In addition, although youth participated in large numbers and often took the lead, adult workers and Vietnam veterans played an important role.

Almost immediately, the cops cordoned off banks and pawnshops: banks, in order to protect the ruling class' money, and pawnshops, because that's where the guns were. And the ruling class had good reason to be scared: many of the participants were veterans who had learned how to fight in Vietnam.

This led to attacks on police stations: "Between 10 p.m. and midnight on the second, third and fourth days, the scene of battle shifted from the streets to police and fire stations. On Monday, July 24, within a 50-minute period, nine different police and fire posts in widely separate parts of the city were under heavy sniper fire. Some of the officers present described it as being under siege. The next night, the same thing happened again. The third day, it happened at 3:00 p.m. and at night. "That dedicated revolutionaries were involved in gun-sniping and arson incidents seems certain." (Locke, pp.128-30).

Over the course of seven days, there were many more reports of sniper fire directed at cops, National Guardsmen, and members of the Army's 82nd and 101st Airborne divisions. President Johnson had sent more than 10,000 federal troops to Detroit on Tuesday, July 25 when it became clear that Detroit's police force was completely unable to restore "law and order."

Interestingly, politicians and religious leaders sent to pacify the crowds were not successful. Congressman John Conyers, a black reverend and two so-called community leaders drove onto 12th Street, and using a bullhorn while standing on the hood of their car, tried to persuade the crowd to disperse. The young men who had been taunting the police turned their attention and anger to these men. "One man climbed on the hood of the car and tried to wrestle the bullhorn from Conyers, while others chanted and shouted when he tried to speak." (Locke, p. 31) Still others threw bottles. Sensing that their mission wasn't working and that they were in danger, the officials left.

The police and troops responded to the uprising by arresting 7,000 Detroiters and beating countless more. A makeshift jail was set up in the women's bathhouse on Belle Isle (a public park) dubbed "Belcatraz" by its inmates. Of the 43 people who died, most were killed by the police and National Guard (and a handful by store-owners).

As a direct result of the uprising, the Big Three auto companies (GM, Ford and Chrysler) hired 10,000 more black workers (although the number of jobs was limited compared to the needs of the unemployed). DRUM, the Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement, led by militant young black autoworkers, grew out of the uprising. In May 1968, they led a multi-racial wildcat strike of 4,000 Dodge workers, protesting the horrendous working conditions at Chrysler. They were also protesting the UAW's passivity and racism. Its leaders were unwilling to defend or fight for black workers.

PLP worked in and with DRUM and other similar groups arising after the rebellion. The Newark uprising, just weeks earlier, spawned the United Black Brotherhood (UBB) at the Mahwah, N.J. Ford plant. The PLP-led Workers Action Movement (WAM) and UBB shut down Ford for a week in June, 1973 over racism, health and safety and forced overtime.

This helped set the tone for three wildcats against Chrysler in Detroit. One shut the Jefferson Assembly plant when a black worker who had been called a racist name by his foreman climbed to the top of the plant and shut off the power. His co-workers carried him out of the plant on their shoulders. The foreman was fired.

The wildcats peaked in August 1973 with the PLP/WAM-led take-over of Chrysler's Mack Avenue stamping plant. Many of these workers in New Jersey and Detroit were participants in the two cities' uprisings.

There is much to learn from the 1967 Detroit rebellion. We salute the courageous workers, youth and Vietnam veterans who led these battles and honor the memory of those who died. But as long as the bosses continue to hold power, whatever we win will be quickly taken away, and racism and war will forever plague our lives.

Today, much of Detroit is in ruins, with 50,000 abandoned buildings and less than half the population it had 50 years ago. Its last supermarket just closed. The empty lots, the boarded-up factories and homes, the failing schools, are the result of the inter-imperialist rivalry among the world's billionaires. Ford, GM and Chrysler are being challenged by Toyota, Honda, Mercedes and others. Wiping out 100,000 jobs, in retreat, and unable to defend their home market, the U.S. auto bosses have laid waste to cities like Detroit, Flint and many more.

This rebellion showed the potential for workers to take power. To make that a reality we need a mass PLP leading millions of workers, soldiers and youth to seize power with communist revolution. Then we'll reap the full fruits of our labor.

Sources/Suggestions for further reading:

Detroit, I Do Mind Dying by Dan Georgakas and Marvin Surkin
Working Detroit by Steve Babson
Arc of Justice by Kevin Boyle
Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit by Thomas J. Sugrue
The 1967 Riot by Hubert G. Locke
People in Motion by William M. Gilbreth
A City on Fire - HBO documentary
Report on the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (Kerner Commission Report)
Progress Report of the New Detroit Committee

'Harry Potter' Casts Capitalist Spells

The political message of the latest and last Harry Potter book is that the only alternative to fascism is the cheerful acceptance of and loyalty to the capitalist system with all its inherent inequalities.

The book opens with the evil wizard Voldemort's bid to rule the world by a revolt at the Ministry of Magic. There is an obvious parallel to Hitler's rise to power and persecution of the Jews. Muggle-borns, witches and wizards born into non-magical families, "are being rounded up as we speak … unless you can prove that you have at least one close wizarding relative, you … must suffer the punishment."

Harry goes underground and leads a multi-creature (and multi-racial) struggle against Voldemort. The great final battle features a united front of centaurs, thestrals, hippogriffs, house elves, etc. After the battle, black wizard Kingsley Shacklebolt becomes Minister of Magic.

But the titanic struggle is no revolution; it's a restoration of things as they were. The magic world remains a class-ridden society of rich and poor, master and slave. You'd think someone as imaginative as author Rowling could conjure up a magical community based on sharing, not on wages and exploitation.

Indeed, in this universe mutual understanding is generally impossible. Witches and wizards live in hiding because ordinary people cannot understand them. Goblins are "a different breed of being" and true friendship with them is inconceivable. Consequently, the book's anti-racism is only superficial.

This underlying racism comes out most clearly in Rowling's treatment of slavery. Dobby, the rebel house elf, proudly proclaims, "Dobby has no master! Dobby is a free elf," but always voluntarily obeys Harry... and winds up dead. Harry's paternalistic kindness transforms Kreacher, the servile elf who parrots his brutal former masters' racist beliefs, into a Jeeves-like butler and then into the leader of all the elves, shouting "Fight for my master!" The last image in the main story is Harry Potter lying in a four-poster bed, ordering his slave to bring him a sandwich!

Racism is accompanied by a frequent insistence on sexist gender roles. Shameless, childless Bellatrix Lestrange is vanquished by the archetypal Mom, Molly Weasley. Meanwhile evil Narcissa Malfoy is finally redeemed by her maternal instinct.

Harry Potter restores this racist, sexist version of utopia by becoming a sacrificial lamb. At one point, Christ-like, "he was the master of the pain; he felt it, yet was apart from it." Harry dies, goes to heaven and is resurrected. His willingness to sacrifice himself makes him "the true master of death." This is in line with our current rulers' rhetoric about sacrifice in the name of national interest during times of war.

This messianic mythology also contains a key lesson our masters want to teach us: "It is a curious thing, Harry, but perhaps those who are best suited to power are those who have never sought it. Those who, like you, have leadership thrust upon them, and take up the mantle because they must, and find to their own surprise that they wear it well."

In other words, according to Rowling, the children of the capitalist ruling class, who do not seek power but have it "thrust upon them," are natural-born rulers!

Racism, sexism, religion, loyalty to the system and its "rightful" rulers - no wonder the ruling class has pumped up the Harry Potter concept into a multi-million-dollar industry!

To this garbage, we communists reply: The working class best wears the mantle of leadership and power, and we shall use it to set up a classless society without racism or sexism.

PLP Confronts Anti-Immigrant Fascists

a href="#Stock Drive Will Spur War Drive, Squeeze Workers’ Lives">"tock Drive Will Spur War Drive, Squeeze Workers’ Lives

Liberal Gore Spins Global Warming for Global War

• "Earth-Friendly" Pols Lead Bosses To Riches, Workers To Barracks

a href="#Workers Eager to Talk Communism with Summer Project PL’ers">"orkers Eager to Talk Communism with Summer Project PL’ers

a href="#Oaxaca: Militant Workers Lose Participating in Rulers’ Electoral Dogfight">"axaca: Militant Workers Lose Participating in Rulers’ Electoral Dogfight

• a href="#Vote to Repudiate — Gift for the Capitalists">"ote to Repudiate — Gift for the Capitalists
• PRI, PRD, PAN: ?All Short for Racist Bosses

Garment Workers Teach Racist Bosses A Lesson!

Schedules, Bathrooms and Communism

But There Is Another Side To Work

a href="#Only Workers’ Power Can Challenge War-maker Teledyn">"nly Workers’ Power Can Challenge War-maker Teledyne

Industrial Workers: Key Revolutionary Force

a href="#Angry Workers Must Organize vs. Bankers’ NYC Fare Hike">"ngry Workers Must Organize vs. Bankers’ NYC Fare Hike

a href="#Demonstrators Hit VA’s Criminal Medical Care">"emonstrators Hit VA’s Criminal Medical Care

Russian GM Workers Prepare to Strike

a href="#Workers’ Suffering Becomes ‘A Tourist Attraction’">Work"rs’ Suffering Becomes ‘A Tourist Attraction’

Katrina Victims Welcome Red Ideas

Industrial Workers, Soldiers Crucial For Revolution

LETTERS

• Japanese Teachers Confront Fascism
• a href="#Iraq GI’s ‘Worry about getting home alive’">Iraq"GIs ‘Worry about getting home alive’
• Fulfilling Potential As An Industrial Worker
• Editorial Short on Specifics,Long on Assertions
• a href="#‘White Flight’ No Myth">‘W"ite Flight’ No Myth

a href="#Jamaica’s Deadly Election Circus">"amaica’s Deadly Election Circus

Striking Miners Derail Scab Train

REDEYE On the News

• Dems Strut, but doubletalk on war
• ‘None of the above’ to the Oval Office?
• Media saw Va. Tech, not inner city
• In US 1890s Chinese fought ID law
• Gov’t spies infest US Muslim areas
• Stressed Iraq vets become suicidal
• US no help to Afghan school-agers
• SICKO avoids race and class issues

a href="#Deadly Racism Sparked ’67 Detroit Uprising">"eadly Racism Sparked ’67 Detroit Uprising

Dinner Marks 40th Anniversary of 1967 Detroit Rebellion

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PLP Confronts Anti-Immigrant Fascists

MORRISTOWN, NJ, July 28 — A multi-racial group of over 200 anti-racists assembled on the streets here to fight back against the growing anti-immigration movement. Pro-America Society organized other racist organizations to rally on the front steps of Town Hall to promote Morristown Mayor Donald Cresitello’s plan to utilize Section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. This section, passed by Congress in 1996 and signed into law by Clinton, gives local police officers the training and power to deport undocumented workers.

Cresitello’s lies and actions have placed him at the head of the anti-immigration movement in New Jersey. Cresitello told the Newark Star-Ledger (5/16), "I am fighting for the protection of the residents not to have drunken and disorderly people in their neighborhoods, raping their women, breaking into their homes, raping and murdering their children. I don’t mince words."

These racist lies have won some working-class people to follow this fascist movement, but they have also emboldened many to oppose Cresitello and this movement. Before the rally, PLP members leafleted apartment complexes in the working-class part of town and got many positive responses from its residents, some even remembering us from 2000 and 2001 when we demonstrated against the neo-Nazi Richard Barrett.

At today’s event, some residents joined our chants, spoke on the bullhorn and held PLP signs reading, "Workers’ Struggles Have No Borders — Las Luchas Obreras No Tienen Fronteras." One person, employed at the supermarket where the rally was held, came outside and got on the mic, equating the Pro-America group with terrorists. Other workers in the supermarket also came outside, held our signs and joined our chants.

Although PLP was forced to hold its demonstration across the street away from the rally, other anti-racists made their way into the rally and were able to disrupt the speakers. About a minute into the first speaker, two of the anti-racists held up a banner reading, "No Racist Deportations (No Deportaciones Racistas)" and began chanting loudly. Simultaneously, two other committed anti-racists attempted to jump the barricades to get to the sound system. Their bold move motivated others to stand up against racism.

About 15 minutes later, a group from the National Organization for Women (NOW) began holding signs reading "STOP RACISM NOW" while inside the racist rally. Eventually the cops forced them to leave, but not without a fight from this group of multi-racial women. These actions excited the group of anti-racists across the street, causing them to chant even louder.

PLP was able to build relationships with the local Morristown residents as well as with other students and workers from the area. We distributed over 200 CHALLENGES/DESAFIOS and 300 leaflets at the rally. But more importantly, the PLP displayed the leadership that is necessary to lead the working class. Many of the pro-immigrant liberal groups had their rally two miles away, instead of actually confronting the racists. PLP has always fought back against racism. Not only was its presence known, but more significantly, many were exposed to communist ideas and showed a great deal of class consciousness.

During the rally, over $600 was raised to support the two people arrested after jumping the barricades earlier in the day. This demonstration of working-class unity shows the potential that we as a class have in fighting for a society without racism. But we still must develop, both as a Party and as a class.

Cresitello and the Pro-America Society are just fronts for a wider, and now growing, fascist movement built by the ruling class. They want to scapegoat immigrants for "terrorist" threats and the bosses’ growing economic attacks and repression suffered by ALL workers to pay for and justify the endless oil profit wars. So just singling out these racists is not enough. The media that promotes these ideas, the cops that protect these speakers, the courts that give them the permits and then go after those that try to stop them and the government that passes laws like Section 287(g) are all part of a wider system that has promoted racism since its inception.

It’s important to disrupt these racists’ rallies to prevent them from spreading their anti-working class ideology, but fundamentally we need to understand that capitalism—the system that promotes it — must be destroyed. Towards that goal, we must organize millions to fight for communist revolution. Join us!J

a name="Stock Drive Will Spur War Drive, Squeeze Workers’ Lives">">"tock Drive Will Spur War Drive, Squeeze Workers’ Lives

"Don’t worry," the media told us, the world’s stock markets’ recent slump is just "an adjustment." They’re probably right — but that’s exactly why we should worry, on two counts. First, each market adjustment ends up attacking our class economically. Second, the slump’s consequences will intensify the ruling class’s need for military victory in the Middle East.

Two problems in the credit market triggered the slump. At one end is a mass of defaults in the home mortgage industry. (Still worse, the racism involved in the sub-prime mortgage robbery — see CHALLENGE, 5/19) — puts black and Latino workers at a further disadvantage, as well as affecting white workers.)

At the other end, there was a failure to raise money to support major takeovers — Chrysler in the U.S. and Alliance-Boots in Britain. Consequently, interest rates are expected to rise.

That would mean more money will be squeezed from the already almost empty pockets of the working class. Families living in homes with variable interest rates will pay more; families using credit cards will pay more; and companies will tend to slash hiring, affecting job growth. One way or another, stock market adjustments hit the working class economically.

Dig deeper, though, and a more disturbing picture of the U.S. economy emerges. Between 1994 and 2004 consumption (what people spend) grew faster than income (what people earn), so we borrowed more. The U.S. economy expanded based on consumer debt.

That borrowing came mainly from home refinancing. Between 2001 and 2004, for example, 45% of first-time homeowners refinanced their homes, buying items with the borrowed money, so the economy grew. As shall be seen, it’s very important for the U.S. economy to grow.

This brings us to the war in Iraq. As CHALLENGE has pointed out, that war is not just about oil but also concerns "U.S. global primacy." That primacy rests in part on the ability of the U.S. Dollar to act as a worldwide reserve currency. As a result, the U.S. government and economy gain all sorts of advantages, including the ability to finance its massive military.

Three things prop up this worldwide role of the U.S. Dollar: the strength of the U.S. armed forces; the fact that oil is traded in U.S. dollars (known as petrodollars); and the size and continued expansion of the U.S. consumer market. All three are vitally important because, for the first time since World War II, the U.S. Dollar has a rival — the Euro.

The Euro is more valuable than the Dollar and therefore more attractive to governments worldwide. Because the stock market slump signals a slowing down of the U.S. economy, the Euro will look even more attractive. This undermines the continued role of the U.S. Dollar as the world’s premium reserve currency.

In turn, that pressures the U.S. ruling class to at least prevent defeat in Iraq before maneuvering to assert its military dominance over the Greater Middle East. A weakening domestic economy forces a more assertive military policy. While the declared objective might be to "secure Baghdad," the real objective is to secure U.S. primacy relative to its imperialist rivals globally. The forced adjustment of the U.S. stock market should be seen in that light.

We workers, too, could make "an adjustment." The bankers and financiers can raise their interest rates but we had better raise our rate of distributing CHALLENGE. As the seeds of a war for world primacy are being sown, we need to sow seeds that will grow a different crop — communist revolution.

Liberal Gore Spins Global Warming for Global War

Without even tossing his hat into the presidential ring (yet), Al Gore is significantly advancing U.S. rulers’ ever-expanding war agenda behind a liberal guise. Gore’s campaign against global warming is rallying millions of well-meaning people to side with capitalists who seek, not to save the planet, but to control its profit-producing resources by armed force.

As U.S. imperialists, facing strengthening rivals, sorely need more young people in uniform, Gore’s movement promotes mass support for drastic government action. U.S. rulers are counting on climate change to cause worldwide crises that require "humanitarian" military intervention. They hope the crowds at last month’s Live Earth concerts — Gore organized the Washington, D.C. event — will help furnish the ground troops.

If linking global warming and global warfare seems far-fetched, consider a report entitled, National Security and the Threat of Climate Change, published in April by 11 retired generals and admirals under the auspices of the Center for Naval Analyses. These war-makers long for an environmental pretext for invasions beyond Iraq and Afghanistan: "Climate change will provide the conditions that will extend the war on terror...droughts, violent weather, ruined agricultural lands...more poverty, more forced migrations, higher unemployment. Those conditions are ripe for extremists and terrorists."

For top U.S. brass, a grip on Mid-East oil remains crucial. Amid any future turmoil, it says, "Military planning should view climate change as a threat to the balance of energy access, water supplies and a healthy environment, and it should require a response." Geostrategic considerations are paramount. "Deploying troops affects readiness elsewhere; choosing not to [deploy troops] may affect alliances. And providing aid in the aftermath of a catastrophic event or natural disaster can help retain stability in a nation or region, which in turn could head off U.S. military engagement in that region at a later date." And get ready for World War III. "[T]here is always the potential for regional fighting to spread to a national or international scale." It’s no accident that Gore’s bandwagon especially demonizes carbon-spewing China.

Al Gets Rich From Blood and Gore In More Ways Than One

It is the main, imperialist wing of U.S. capitalists that brings Gore back into the limelight, even as it lines his pockets. The driving force behind his popular movie, "An Inconvenient Truth," was the Natural Resources Defense Council. NRDC trustee Laurie David co-produced the film. NRDC chairman F.A.O. Schwarz, Jr., serves as senior counsel at the Wall Street law firm Cravath, Swain and Moore, which represents imperialist heavyweights J.P. Morgan Chase, Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, and Chevron. Larry Rockefeller is an NRDC trustee. And, with the big boys’ help, Gore has become a financier in his own right. He has teamed with ex-Goldman Sachs Asset Management CEO David Blood to form Generation Investment Management, which focuses on strategic, long-term investing, consistent with the rulers’ war aims. Its nickname, "Blood and Gore," is particularly appropriate.

"Earth-Friendly" Pols Lead Bosses To Riches, Workers To Barracks

Major capitalists have long used "Save the Earth" movements to tighten their grasp on natural resources. Teddy Roosevelt pushed "Conservation," which restricted rival upstarts’ access to timber and minerals. To this day, the Nature Conservancy and the Conservation Fund, outfits run by top bankers and industrialists, limit access to their multi-million-acre woodlands to "approved" giants like International Paper and Weyerhauser. President Franklin D. Roosevelt raised the game to a new level, by creating the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), a vast quasi-military organization that put Depression-era youth to work improving parks and forests. The CCC aided mobilization for World War II. Though in a different economic and political climate, FDR had the same goal as Gore: to foster the false image of government as "savior" and "protector."

The liberal rulers may yet launch candidate Gore. Feeble Democratic frontrunners Obama and Clinton have serious electability problems, due partly to U.S. capitalism’s persistent oppression of black people and women and partly to the candidates themselves. Electoral politics is to a great extent a popularity contest. Remember Gore did get more votes than Bush in 2000. Furthermore, if Iraq remains a big issue, as is likely, confessed imperialist hawks Obama and Clinton will be on shaky ground with an increasingly war-weary public. Gore has greater credibility here. He could dust off his pre-war 2002 speech which warned Bush not to go in as he did. It, in fact, distilled the liberal Council on Foreign Relation’s recommendations for a massive, allied invasion and occupation force. But Gore could use it to pass himself off as a war opponent.

We can’t predict whether or not Gore will run. But we can say for sure that global warming and global war are both products of the profit system. At the company level, industries burn environmentally destructive coal because it rakes in more profits. For U.S. bosses to remain competitive on the international level, they must wage regional oil wars and prepare for global conflict. Voting for this or that candidate won’t change either reality because they all serve capitalism. But it would be wrong to dismiss the well-intentioned people in the movement Gore claims to lead. Communists in the PLP must work among honest people who might follow Gore and expose his real goal: restoration of the draft for wider imperialist wars. J

Bosses Use Wage Slavery to LOWER Minimum Wage

The Democrats are making a hullabaloo about the "big" 70¢ increase in the federal minimum wage, from $5.15 an hour (where it’s been for ten years) to $5.85. But, believe it or not, the purchasing power of this latest "increased" rate is BELOW what the minimum wage provided 50 years ago!

According to the U.S. Dept. of Labor, the 1956 $1.00-an-hour minimum wage was worth $5.77 in 1996’s purchasing power. In 2006, the purchasing power of the current $5.15-an-hour rate had fallen to $4.04, or 30% BELOW what the minimum wage was worth in 1956!

So this is the scam that the Democrats are trying to put over on the working class, that raising the rate to $5.85 an hour is "increasing" the minimum wage when it actually will still be far below what that minimum was worth in 1956. To gain a true increase, the rate would probably have to be somewhere around $20 an hour, taking into account inflation over the last half century.

But the new minimum wage rate is nowhere near what a working family needs to provide for the necessities of life. Right now, the new $5.85 rate would mean an annual income of $12,168 (if one worked the entire 52 weeks). That is $5,000 BELOW the federal poverty level for a family of three ($17,170)!

The millions of workers who earn these minimums (and below) are among the super-exploited from whom the ruling class rakes in super-profits. A great proportion of these workers are black, Latino and immigrants, due to the racism that puts these workers at the bottom of the wage heap. No wonder the rulers are trying to present the military as an option to get out of this super-exploitation and mass unemployment that hits them when they graduate (or drop out of) high school. And no wonder some liberal politicians and the Pentagon are pushing the DREAM Act to get the most exploited group, undocumented immigrant youth, to join the army as a seeming "way out" of this capitalist morass, only to die (and kill other workers) in the bosses’ imperialist war in Iraq for control of oil

Capitalism’s wage system, further fueled by racism, can never provide security for the working class. The bosses’ drive for maximum profits will always drive down wages. The "fair day’s wage for a fair day’s work" is a myth. The only way for workers to gain fairness for our labors is to get rid of the profit system that, by its very nature, must rob workers of most of the value we produce. It is that surplus value which provides the profits the bosses reap.

With communism, without bosses and profits, the wage system will be abolished altogether. Workers will share in a system based on real fairness: from each according to their commitment, to each according to need. That’s what PLP fights for.J

a name="Workers Eager to Talk Communism with Summer Project PL’ers">">"orkers Eager to Talk Communism with Summer Project PL’ers

LOS ANGELES, July 29 — A group of workers outside a subcontractor factory who read our leaflet titled, "Industrial Workers Hold the Key to Ending Racist Exploitation," wanted to talk after work. "We only make the minimum wage! Is this a union?" asked one of the group of Asian immigrant workers. We answered, "No. This is bigger than a union — it’s an international revolutionary communist party, with the goal of ending all racist exploitation for good with revolution for workers’ power."

"Great!" exclaimed a worker. "How can we be in touch with you?"

After reading the top of the leaflet (about workers being able to produce without the bosses), sellers heard a worker headed into work say, "This is about us."

"Here’s $5 for the paper," said another worker who returned to buy it after hearing others at work talking about it. Workers have eagerly taken hundreds of CHALLENGES and thousands of leaflets during our PLP Summer Project here. At one site, workers inside opened factory windows to get the communist literature.

A close friend who leafleted for the first time at a garment factory said, "I couldn’t believe seeing parents and children walking into the factories together. It was difficult hearing about speed-up and unsafe working conditions." She plans to keep leafleting.

We’ve begun to spread communist ideas to industrial workers, who are essential to the fight against capitalism and imperialism, who have the power to win the fight to destroy capitalism with communist revolution, workers’ power.

Some young comrades sold their first CHALLENGE/DESAFIOS. At one sale, we handed newspapers through car windows and still felt a sense of unity and a strong connection with the workers. We felt their disgust with the system and their interest in our politics as they grabbed the paper from our hands once we said "DESAFIO, periódico Comunista."

"For the first time I felt part of our effort to empower workers and students, including ourselves. I can honestly see industrial workers leading the struggle to overthrow capitalism; for the first time I saw their true potential," said a volunteer.

Our activities have also succeeded in involving many new people, with students and workers discussing communism. Throughout the week students and others distributed leaflets and CHALLENGES in schools, at factories and on the streets. At a neighborhood sale, black, white, Latino and Asian workers enthusiastically bought CHALLENGE, reading about the fight against racism and capitalism on the shop floor.

Many new faces were present at a kick-off Project BBQ. Participants cooked together and socialized, while discussing upcoming activities. One comrade introduced the Summer Project. "With the U.S. ruling class preparing for more oil-profit wars and wider wars against capitalist rivals, rebuilding domestic industrial production is crucial to their plans. Southern California has seen a surge in industrial subcontracting factories; the number of industrial workers locally has swollen to one million. A strong worker-student-soldier alliance around PLP’s politics can begin to lay the groundwork for working-class revolution and communism. Our summer activities can be a first step in the direction of building communist leadership among industrial workers and students."

At one study group, 20 comrades and friends discussed the role of immigrant workers. A comrade replied to a high school student’s question, saying: "Bill Carr, deputy undersecretary of military personnel policy at the Pentagon, has said that the DREAM Act is a ‘very appealing’ way to get new recruits. The DREAM Act, in other words, sends undocumented youth, most of whom don’t have the resources for higher education, into the military where every day more soldiers are needed to fight for Mid-East oil."

A forum on the relationship of industrial workers and soldiers to communist revolution explained the growing importance of industrial production to the U.S. ruling class as inter-imperialist rivalries sharpen. We saw how industrial workers and soldiers are vital to the struggle to turn the bosses’ wars into a revolution for communism. Others spoke of the need to win industrial workers in their own families to join this fight. Finally, we discussed the necessity of a party, the PLP, and the need to build it internationally.

a name="Oaxaca: Militant Workers Lose Participating in Rulers’ Electoral Dogfight">">"axaca: Militant Workers Lose Participating in Rulers’ Electoral Dogfight

OAXACA, MEXICO, July 16 — Teachers, farm workers, residents and students, members of APPO (Popular Assembly of the People of Oaxaca), violently confronted the police, the military and the goons of the capitalist class represented by the killer Ulises Ruiz Ortiz, Oaxaca’s governor. This year, APPO planned a traditional celebration of the "Popular Guelaguetza" (Mutual Aid) in the auditorium of the "Cerro de Fortin," which is where the confrontation occurred. Over 40 workers and youth were either detained, injured or disappeared. A 60-year-old person is near death.

A week later, the bosses tried to celebrate the "Official Guelaguetza" with several thousand attending, including many members of the State’s ruling PRI party, and police dressed as civilians, but thousands of angry workers and youth didn’t give them a moment’s peace.

Since this struggle began in May 2006, there have been 19 assassinations of activists and hundreds of arrests and disappearances. The mass movement has not only survived but has been strengthened in the face of the fascist attacks and the movement’s own internal weaknesses.

In every action thousands have been mobilized to fight back, showing tremendous hatred of the oppressors. The mass struggle is like a laboratory, gauging the strengths and weaknesses of the movement that has dared to challenge the capitalist class in Oaxaca and Mexico City. This struggle has crossed borders, becoming an inspiration for millions of workers worldwide. We’re fighting to transform these experiences into a school for communism.

a name="Vote to Repudiate — Gift for the Capitalists">">"ote to Repudiate — Gift for the Capitalists

The leadership of Section 22 of the SNTE (teachers’ union) and the other organizations are organizing "a vote to repudiate" the policies of the PRI and the PAN (see box for definitions). This reformist effort aims to follow up the PRI’s local electoral losses to weaken Ruiz Ortiz and eventually vote him out, which would benefit the PRD candidates. This supposedly would make bourgeois democracy supposedly function for the working class, building dangerous illusions in the system and trying to set back the revolutionary ideological advance of the masses.

The irony of all this is that the same hated Ruiz Ortiz has placed some of his supporters as PRD candidates, while other PRD candidates are ex-leaders of the PRI who fell out with them, like Juan Diaz Pimentel (Ex-Secretary of Governing) who aspires to be Oaxaca City President of the City of Oaxaca.

For their part, the revisionists (phony leftists) and opportunists of the Popular Revolutionary Front (FPR) and members of the Communist Party of Mexico have joined the bosses’ electoral circus as candidates to become deputies, thus betraying the movement. They justify it by saying they’re taking advantage of the electoral process as "one more legitimate form of struggle."

Workers shouldn’t be fooled. Bosses control all these parties. Capitalist elections won’t change the nature of racist, imperialist exploitation of the working class. Bosses use elections to fight among each other to determine which faction will control state power to better serve their particular interests. They use workers in this bosses’ dogfight to make us believe that changing one ruler for another will serve us.

PLP’s important role is to help sharpen the class struggle, developing understanding of the need to destroy the entire capitalist system; expose those who would lead workers down the bosses’ path of capitalist elections; and build a base and recruit for communist revolution, making use of CHALLENGE and communist study-action groups. J

PRI, PRD, PAN: ?All Short for Racist Bosses

PRI is the Institutional Revolutionary Party, which ruled Mexico for over 70 years, exploiting millions.

PAN is the National Action Party, in power now, the most right-wing sector of Mexican politics.

PRD is the Revolutionary Democratic Party, basically the liberals, most deadly because they try to win workers to believe capitalism can work for them.

Garment Workers Teach Racist Bosses A Lesson!

"To teach all of you who didn’t do it right, I’m deducting a half hour’s wages for every day you didn’t punch in and out," barked the arrogant, high-handed secretary.

This hit the workers in the garment factory like a bucket of cold water. The bosses hadn’t paid us double time for working Saturday or Sunday, as they had promised. We worked July 4th, a paid holiday for other workers, but not for us. And to top it off, now this!

Workers’ indignation exploded. Word got around that something had to be done. Immediately, six of us went to the office to protest. The supervisor made believe he hadn’t heard anything about it. We told him, "We’re not animals and no ‘mistake’ on our part justifies this treatment. Besides, it’s our labor that gets the production done."

"To teach all the lackeys and their masters that we workers have to be respected," we told ourselves, "We’re going home!" It was a small demonstration of the fact that the bosses need us, but we don’t need them. If we don’t work, there’s no production and without production there’s no profit.

The following day, my co-worker, his wife and I stayed home in protest. When we returned, the supervisor was furious. "I can’t put up with this any longer. You’re fired!" he told me. My friend’s wife told him that if they fired me, the two of them would quit. "I have nothing against you or your husband," the supervisor told her, "but this guy talks too much about politics and I don’t like it." "If you fire him," the woman insisted, "we’re leaving too."

The supervisor was baffled. With production backed up, he couldn’t afford to do without the couple. Since there had been a history of struggle in the factory, he also feared others might strike to support us — and he was right!

He called the owner who, not wanting to risk a work stoppage, decided no one would be fired and that she would raise the pay of the two workers by a few cents per operation.

Later that day, a co-worker in another section said, "I just wanted you to know that our section agreed to stop work to support you if they fired you."

This modest example shows what workers can do when they’re united and bold. The unity, decision to fight, and support of our co-workers resulted from my spending a lot of time with the couple who so firmly supported me, joining them in social activities and having political discussions on the way to work and at their home over dinner. This was crucial in creating indestructible political and social ties combined with communist ideas that are necessary for the long-term fight for communist revolution.

The workers’ solidarity in this struggle is central to workers’ mobilizing not only against this attack, but, in the long run against the whole profit system that forces workers into wage slavery. Workers’ unity is key to this fight and to replacing this bosses’ system with workers’ power, communism.

Several participants in the struggle read CHALLENGE, some regularly, others irregularly. My next step is to build a CHALLENGE network by asking the regular readers to help distribute the paper to others. In this way we can convert these little struggles into real schools for communism for all workers.

Schedules, Bathrooms and Communism

San Francisco—"On Thursday during the morning commute, the trains from all the rail lines were pulling into the Embarcadero every 30 seconds…And then, without notice, a driver briefly parked his train at the platform and took a bathroom break. Three streetcars behind him had to wait."…The schedule didn’t recover for hours…"Not that I begrudge him," said MUNI Director Ford…, "but at this time, during the morning commute? It’s not good." (SF Chronicle 4\13\07)

According to the bosses, basic human need is "not good" because it disrupts the orderly delivery of workers to the downtown financial district. They blame workers for their own failure to provide enough relief to maintain the schedule!

Bay Area mass transit drivers are demanding meal and rest breaks, a demand won by most workers about 70 years ago. With service cuts and speed up, drivers can go all day with no real breaks. By union contract, drivers pick 12 to 14-hour schedules with an unpaid break in the middle, some working 10 straight hours. Management requires these long days so one driver can cover two rush hours. Drivers sign up for a long day to meet their bills. Drivers may live better than non-union workers but they still are wage slaves.

"We are losing our humanity to become ‘7 day rollers,’" remarked a driver during a meeting to organize against these killer schedules. Another said, "It’s like that bad dream where you keep running, but just can’t get anywhere. It seems endless! You feel POWERLESS!" Another commented: "Sometimes passengers insult me…line supervisors put me down, like I’m late on purpose! All I want to do is a good job…to feel like a human being, not a machine herding cattle."

A PLP member said, "This has always been a fight because transit managers set our schedules within the limits of a budget. A small, parasitic class of rulers profits off the majority and wages international wars for control of resources. Their priorities don’t include enough money for services, like transit and have nothing to do with the needs of drivers or riders. Capitalism encourages a ‘blame the victim’ mentality, so schedules often result in conflict between workers. Capitalism cannot meet the basic needs of working people. You win something here; they take it away there! Changing the Mayor or the General Manager won’t solve this. Only a revolution can end this nightmare."

But There Is Another Side To Work

Within these complaints lies a kernel of potential collectivity. These battles, waged along side long-time friends, give PLP drivers the opportunity to discuss "human nature and communism." Some co-workers argue that people are naturally selfish so communism can never work. We point out another side to work that they, themselves, experience. Many transit workers try hard to serve the people; stopping for someone on a cane, waiting for a "regular" running late or helping another operator. These personal interactions fly in the face of management’s schedule. They give the job meaning. This tendency would be much stronger in a communist society where all culture supported it and schedules will not make drivers choose between waiting to pick up older people and getting a break. The current campaign is a way for drivers to reclaim some sense of humanity.

These tendencies towards collectivity will help lay the basis for a new society. We have to destroy capitalism to realize this potential. A communist world is possible based on organizing every aspect of society to fulfill the needs of the working class.

Part II of this series: Political Economy of Transit; USA and International.

a name="Only Workers’ Power Can Challenge War-maker Teledyn">">"nly Workers’ Power Can Challenge War-maker Teledyn

Teledyne Reynolds in Los Angeles has been making parts for military airplanes since 1948. Today it supplies specialty wires and cables to companies like Boeing and Lockheed Martin. Its parent company, Teledyne Technologies, Inc, did over $35 million in no-bid contracts directly with the Army, Navy, Air Force, and the Department of Energy last year. Current wars have driven Teledyne’s sales up by 22.9 percent, to $248.3 million in the first quarter of 2007, with an average of nearly $7 million in profit per month.

"My mother worked in that factory for years, until she was injured," commented a college student. "So did my aunts and most of my female relatives. There were hundreds of workers, most of them Latina immigrants. They didn’t have a union, and the pay was pretty bad." No wonder the profits are so high!

This working-class student is enthusiastically reading CHALLENGE-DESAFIO "I’ve read that paper over and over," he said, "and each time I learn something new." He has agreed to take extra papers for his friends and relatives, and to help to bring communist ideas to industrial workers. We will all learn something new from these workers through this important effort.

a name="Who Rules Teledyne – and the U.S.">">"ho Rules Teledyne – and the U.S.

Teledyne is linked through its ten-member Board of Directors to many other defense manufacturers: Hughes Electronics, Raytheon, General Dynamics, Alliant Techsystems, Allegheny Technologies and BEI Technology. Several members also hold influential offices with the Aerospace Industries Association and the National Defense Industrial Association.

The members of the board also have strong ties to the major banking interests which control industrial capitalists’ ability to maneuver financially to maintain their profits. Frank V. Cahouet is the retired chairman and CEO of the Mellon Bank Corporation. Others are currently officers for Millenium Partners hedge fund (which is tied to Citigroup through Solomon Smith Barney), Mellon Financial Corporation and AEGIS Insurance Corporation.

These same imperialists play an important role in making sure that cultural and educational institutions serve the needs of their class. Michael T. Smith, Teledyne’s co-director, is also a director of the Los Angeles World Affairs Council. Roxanne Austin ran DirecTV for Hughes. One board member is the former president of Carnegie Mellon University, and other directors are trustees for Carnegie Mellon, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Providence College and one of the Claremont Colleges.

Industrial Workers: Key Revolutionary Force

All companies make profits by exploiting workers’ labor: without the workers, the factories could not produce any products, but the workers make far less wages than the price for which those same products are sold. Defense industry companies like Teledyne Reynolds also make it possible for U.S. imperialists to keep themselves in power and to try to fight off imperialist rivals in Europe and China. That puts industrial workers, like the immigrant women at the Los Angeles Reynolds plant, in a key position both economically and politically. Their power to shut down production threatens not only the bosses’ profits, but the bosses’ ability to wage war and maintain their empire.

At the same time, the imperialist rulers are relying on the sons and daughters of immigrant industrial workers — to join the military and fight their bloody racist profit wars in the Middle East and elsewhere. To turn the potential into a real force, these workers and soldiers from L.A. to Tehran to Beijing have to lead the international working class in the battles to end their oppression as wage slaves or cannon fodder for the bosses’ profit wars. We in PLP have to win them to become revolutionary communist activists. We are planting today the seeds of communism.J

a name="Angry Workers Must Organize vs. Bankers’ NYC Fare Hike">">"ngry Workers Must Organize vs. Bankers’ NYC Fare Hike

NEW YORK CITY, July 27 — "Keep the fare down, bastards!" shouted a subway rider at the Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) CEO Elliot Sander as he handed out flyers aiming to justify still another hike in transit fares and bridge tolls. When Sander whined to rider Jean Callahan about MTA "deficits," she shot back, "I’m angry….What are we supposed to do? How are we going to survive?"

Anger is mounting among workers here who may be facing a $2.50 fare in the near future. Having suffered an increase to the current $2.00 not even two years ago, now we’re expected to look back on that as a "bargain."

This anger must be organized. Workers should be raising the demand for no fare hike in their unions and mass organizations, even calling for a fare rollback to be paid for by the bondholders who profit in billions off the transit system. Transit workers should support this demand and together with the working-class riders organize mass demonstrations and protests against the MTA, exposing the whole fare scam (see below). In Sao Paulo, Brazil, a few years ago angry riders burned buses and trains, fed up with lousy service and ever-rising fares.

The "deficit" Sander complains about is created by the billions being paid to rich bondholders who’ve been sucking the transit system dry for decades. The interest on these bonds are the profits reaped off the backs of the transit workers’ labors and the working-class riders who are expected to keep these bankers’ coffers overflowing. Meanwhile, the alleged "deficit-ridden" MTA had a SURPLUS of $940 million last year. The Authority is always crying "wolf" while it keeps piling up these surpluses.

Before 1948, when the fare was a nickel, transit system expenses were paid from the general city treasury, so at least the costs were spread around. But then the Authority was established which mandated that all operating expenses be covered by fares. Immediately the fare was doubled and continued to rise periodically until it reached its current $2.00, an increase since ’48 of 4,000%!

This new gimmick has been used by all Mayors — Republicans and Democrats, liberals and conservatives — to pit transit workers against riders so that whenever the workers who keep the city running 24 hours a day, 365 days a year asked for a much-needed raise, the city bosses would blame the increase on the workers, using their divide-and-conquer technique. The crucial importance of the transit workers was demonstrated even in their short-lived 3-day strike in December 2005, an action that was supported by a majority of the city’s working class.

The rulers never ask the big department stores, shopping malls, the bankers, the real estate interests or the bosses of every company in the city to pay for any rising costs. None of these profiteers could function if the transit workers didn’t bring all their employees and customers to these destinations.

Hundreds of thousands of workers earning poverty wages (see article on minimum wage, page 2), will now be asked to shell out even more money to get to their low-wage jobs. These workers are overwhelmingly black and Latino, as are the transit workers, so the bosses figure that the racism which permeates capitalism will enable them to get away with this highway robbery.

The fact is the ruling class is spending $12 billion of our tax money every month to carry out their imperialist wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, for the greater glory of the likes of Big Oil and Haliburton. That money is used to kill our sons and daughters and 650,000 Iraqi workers while workers here must ante up for a transit system that shoots billions into the bank accounts of the wealthy Wall Street investment houses.

And the sorry fact is the workers’ "leaders" in the Transport Workers Union do nothing to expose this tie-in between the bankers, the MTA and the tens of billion spent on the bosses’ wars. Only communist leadership can do this job, because we fight for a system in which there would be no fares, no "deficits," no bankers’ profits from interest. Workers who produce all value would use part of that value to enable everyone to ride a free transit system. The "bastards" who profit from transit fares would wind up six feet under.

a name="Demonstrators Hit VA’s Criminal Medical Care">">"emonstrators Hit VA’s Criminal Medical Care

SEATTLE, WA., July 28 — "We’ll be able to defeat imperialism when soldiers turn the guns in the other direction," said the moderator, leader of the Iraq Veterans Against the War (IVAW), at a forum of 150." Two hundred and fifty demonstrators had just marched around the nearby Veterans Administration (VA) Hospital demanding, "Fund the Wounded, Not the War!"

VA workers and doctors, Vietnam and Iraq veterans, students, teachers and supporters from throughout the city marched in this multi-racial, working-class area chanting, "Black, Latin, Asian, White: Workers and Soldiers Must Unite!"; "What the Hell is Congress for, Fund the Wounded Not the War!"; and, "We Don’t Want Your Racist War!"

The IVAW leader, himself injured by a rocket-propelled grenade in Ramadi, invited all to join him and his fellow vets, members of Military Families Speak Out (MFSO) and comrades to visit Ft. Lewis to recruit soldiers to fight imperialism.

His class-conscious stand against imperialism inspired people much more than calls to pressure liberal politicians. The forum panel reflected this struggle of ideas. A VA doctor spelled out the medical crimes against soldiers, including the hundreds of thousands of unresolved claims as well as the destruction of the Iraqi medical system. He praised the recent recommendations of an "expert" panel to fix the VA system and asked everyone to write their elected representatives to enact these reforms.

The Vietnam era veteran followed with his experience fighting racist medical care at Madigan Hospital at Ft. Lewis some 35 years ago. Suffering similar racist medical attacks, he described how active-duty soldiers united with other medical workers in Seattle. He documented company-wide and post-wide rebellions led by a multi-racial chapter of the Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW). He described Army attempts to crush this resistance with a court-martial that itself erupted into a rebellion. Within a year a Congressional hearing concluded all of VVAW’s charges against the Army’s medical system were correct, made reform recommendations and promised action. Nothing changed.

"Fast forward 35 years," he concluded. "Same racism; same imperialism! More reports on bad medical care; more commissions; more recommendations and more promises from liberal politicians. We can expect the same result: nothing of importance."

"If I’ve learned anything in the last 35 years it’s that a profit-driven system — let’s call it by its proper name, capitalism — can’t survive without racism and imperialism!"

That’s what most of the young people wanted to hear. Discussions continued for an hour after the forum. A black counselor said inadequate medical care was even worse for black and Latin soldiers. Points raised in the panel about soldiers rejecting patriotism and nationalism in favor of anti-imperialist working-class solidarity were debated relative to today’s movement. Many students involved in kicking recruiters out of local schools said they agreed that the prime aim now is to get anti-imperialist students in the Army, to organize soldiers from within to fight against imperialist war and to rebel against the brass.

They also agreed that anti-racist struggle uniting black, Latin, Asian and white, men and women in the same organization could lead to the sharpest, most militant fights against imperialism. Indeed, the prime value of those Ft. Lewis rebellions was winning soldiers to a revolutionary outlook.

Many of these young people were interested in communist revolution. Dozens of CHALLENGES were sold. Every copy of the PLP pamphlet "Red-led GIs Blast Racist Brass" was given out. Many asked to have it mailed to them. A number of students from other states wanted copies to show local IVAW chapters back home. The local chapter plans to discuss "chapter building," using this same pamphlet as an aid.

The struggle to take anti-war activists to Ft. Lewis will continue. Some of these same vets and supporters will attend the upcoming Veterans for Peace conference in August. This will be a great opportunity to reach out to veterans and their families with a revolutionary communist strategy for active-duty soldiers.

Russian GM Workers Prepare to Strike

TOGLIATTI, RUSSIA July 30 — Workers at the giant AvtoVAZ (GM) auto plant got fed up with their meager wages and wrote management demanding a weekly raise to 25,000 rubles (nearly $1,000). Currently an average assembly line worker makes about $300/week. If their demands aren’t paid attention to, workers threaten an August 1st strike.

This unrest is not formally led by either of the two unions at the plant, (ASM is the official union and Edinstvo — Unity — is independent). The ASM union already accepted a 4.6% "raise," actually a cut since the July inflation rate in the region was 4.8%, and says workers should be "happy." But many disagree. They want to stick to their threat to shut the line down August 1, to force the company to treat workers with respect and pay attention to their problems.

Workers are not just up against GM and the auto bosses, but AvtoVAZ management comes from Russia’s arms-exporting monopoly, with close ties to the Kremlin. They are the war-makers and arms merchants that are trying to blast Russian imperialism to the top of the heap. A strike against them would have profound political implications.

The bosses have already figured that out and at a recent plant managers’ meeting, General Director Artiakov said he wouldn’t tolerate a strike even if it meant sacking half the workforce. Then AvtoVAZ had the police arrest one of the strike committee leaders, a young leftist worker Anton Vechkunin. He was detained and taken by police right from the locker room after second shift. Two days later his mother was told over the phone that Anton was arrested "for resisting a police officer." This arrest of a trade union activist shows how the state police serve the factory owners, and the Russian workers need to form a mass communist party and prepare for a second Russian revolution.

A strike remains a real possibility since workers are sick and tired of their worsening situation and eroding wages while the Russian car market is booming.

We call on all trade union, community, workers’ and left-wing organizations to show international solidarity and demand Anton’s release! E-mail Governor Titov of the Samara region at: governor@samara. ruJ

a name="Workers’ Suffering Becomes ‘A Tourist Attraction’"></a>"orkers’ Suffering Becomes ‘A Tourist Attraction’

Most people would be shocked at what I saw in New Orleans. The huge difference between the rich and poor neighborhoods was disgusting. The rich ones had cookie-cutter mansions with manicured lawns, huge fountains and beautiful gardens. In the Ninth Ward and other working-class neighborhoods, the houses are rotten-looking and broken down. Nothing has been cleaned or fixed for two years.

In addition, people are making money off the devastation. A radio station was advertising that they were "rebuilding New Orleans one hit [song] at a time." Then, while looking at the levees in the Ninth Ward, we saw tourists in taxis and buses taking pictures of broken houses. One bus was labeled "Celebration Tours." Instead of repairing the damage, the bosses have made this a tourist attraction and are raking in over $35 a person.

Local business obviously cares more about making money than about workers’ needs. We saw lots of outrageous phrases and signs written around town. One on a wall said, "Looters will be shot." Another on a truck said, "U loot, we shoot." They obviously want to terrorize working-class people and show who’s boss.

One might think everyone in New Orleans would be united because the disaster happened to everyone, but the rich only care about themselves and leaving the working class to rot.

Slap-your-boss Volunteer

Katrina Victims Welcome Red Ideas

Seeing New Orleans for the second time, little has changed since last year. The house I gutted last summer in the Ninth Ward was empty; it still hasn’t been rebuilt. Across the street, an elementary school was still empty and boarded up. It seemed like the only building open in the whole neighborhood was another school which has become a police station. Obviously the city government wants to build a larger police presence here but doesn’t care about workers’ houses or education.

Selling CHALLENGE was one of the most important things we did. Many of us had never sold door-to-door before; we learned a lot. We saw workers separated by "race" and racism, but all are being exploited.

Most workers agreed that the government had helped the rich while neglecting and abusing workers. This made them more open to a society based on need, not profit.

Although the mistreatment might make it seem workers would accept communist ideas, I was still really surprised at the workers’ positive response to our politics. This reinforced my commitment to PLP and my belief that communist revolution is possible.

Slap-your-liberal Volunteer

Industrial Workers, Soldiers Crucial For Revolution

During PLP’s New Orleans Summer Project about 40 educators, students, a military veteran, and a transportation worker participated in a study group on the Party’s industrial and military work.

We discussed the importance of soldiers, defense industry workers, auto workers, healthcare, transportation, communication and sanitation workers to making communist revolution and running a communist society. During the revolution, communist-led workers need to cripple the bosses’ ability to make profits and then turn the guns on the bosses. After the armed struggle for power workers will need their work experience to organize production based on need.

The group debated whether we in the U.S. are living in a revolutionary period. Some thought yes but most concluded that while revolution is possible eventually and we in PLP are in a revolutionary organization, masses of workers need to unite to fight racist divisions and the lack of class and communist consciousness in preparation for fighting an armed struggle against the bosses for state power.

We discussed how the Party must be involved in industrial and military work in a non-revolutionary period. While workers aren’t in armed revolt, there is still a need to fight the bosses’ attacks against our working and living conditions and to recruit and in the middle of many such struggles, to build ties with thousand of workers now in order to forge a mass PLP of millions in the future.

Lastly, we asked everyone whether they’d considered organizing in industry or the military work now or eventually. Many of the youth gave serious thought to this Party focus. About nine students and young workers committed to consider doing it themselves.

Both students and young educators had reservations about dying and killing for the ruling class. A red veteran explained that our Party’s struggle is to raise communist ideas with soldiers and to win them to join PLP. (A successful revolution needs to win soldiers to turn against the war-makers). He compared it to workers in factories having to participate in making profits in order to win their fellow workers to communism. Abstaining from the military or individually refusing orders isolates us from the other soldiers and leaves non-communist soldiers no alternative but spontaneous rebellion or fascism.

One young participant of the study group, a junior in high school, said soldiers are the bosses’ eyes, hands and backs. "We do everything. They only tell us what to do. We do it. If we [communists] have the guns, we’ll have the whole world."

One weakness was not discussing the importance of educators in recruiting Party youth to industrial and military work, but overall the study group was a success.

A Comrade

LETTERS

Japanese Teachers Confront Fascism

At the National Education Association convention, PL teachers found evidence of rising international fascism. Fifteen-hundred teachers from across Japan face dismissal for refusing to stand and face the flag during the playing of the Japanese national anthem. A 1999 law designated Hinomaru and Kimigayo the official national flag and anthem, respectively, of Japan. Hinomaru represents Japanese fascist imperialism and its war crimes of WW II and is used by current right-wing thugs in Japan in the same way that the swastika and the Confederate flag are used by Nazis and the Ku Klux Klan.

Fifteen-hundred dissident members of the Japanese Teachers Union (JTU) have repeatedly violated an October 23, 2003 directive of the Tokyo Metropolitan Board of Education, which requires that all teachers rise, face Hinomaru and sing Kimigayo at ceremonies. They have faced increasingly repressive discipline for refusing, including 6-month suspensions.

These teachers direct their struggle against their government’s attempts to militarize society and against their own union’s collaboration with Prime Minister Abe who has referred to Japan as the 51st state of the U.S. The directive of Oct. 23rd coincided with the decision to send Japanese troops to the battlefield for the first time since 1945 to support the U.S. invasion of Iraq. The teachers say it "was meant to make patriotism the core of education and to bust the JTU."

The JTU dissidents want to return to the JTU’s founding slogan: "Never send our students to the battlefields again." These JTU rebels see a parallel between the Oct. 23rd directive and the No Child Left Behind legislation in the U.S., which seeks to direct students into the military. They accuse the JTU of forsaking class consciousness and again collaborating with the government’s plans to militarize Japanese society for wars of aggression in Asia. They believe that teachers are workers and can fight state power. They call for unity between U.S. and Japanese unions.

We salute our brothers and sisters in Japan for their sharp struggle against the state. However, unions are reform organizations, which ultimately must compromise with the state. We need PLP, an international communist party dedicated to leading workers and soldiers to state power through revolution. We believe that soldiers and industrial workers are in the best position to fight for state power. Teachers are in a position to develop the class consciousness of their students and educate them to the need for a communist society. Then, when the ruling class puts rifles into the hands of class-conscious soldiers and puts the means of war production into the hands of class-conscious workers, they will be sowing the seeds of their own destruction.

A Teacher

a name="Iraq GI’s ‘Worry about getting home alive’"></a>"raq GI’s ‘Worry about getting home alive’

(The following is an excerpt from a letter a GI wrote to a family member from the front lines.)

How are you doing? My handwriting will be sloppy. My index finger is broken. It’s pretty rough over here. Every month we lose about 12 guys in our battalion.

The first weekend here I was shot at, RPGed (Rocket-Propelled Grenade) and mortared, all in a single firefight. Right now they’ve got me driving a tank. At least if I get blown up it will knock me out instead of killing me. I’m never coming back here again….I cannot wait to see you guys again....

The Forward Operating Base (FOB) is small. We have one chow hall, one Post Exchange, or store and one phone center. There’s really nothing to do in my off time except watch movies and read. They got me rolling out every day and we get contact [with the insurgents] every day. I haven’t killed anybody yet.

Being the driver, I finally got to see Iraq. The U.S. blew the whole city to hell. What they haven’t destroyed is slowly being destroyed day by day. Everybody except Iraq Army (I.A.) hates us. The only reason the I.A. likes us is because we support the Shia. The majority of them are part of Shiite militia. But we’re in a Sunni majority city, so pretty much all the civilians hate the U.S.

The insurgents pretty much control the city. There are parts where U.S. personnel can’t go; people have died going there. It’s no longer under U.S. control. When you raid a house, two others will be abandoned. The third would be filled with elderly women and children. Military-age males are nowhere to be found, a classic example of urban guerrilla warfare.

The majority of combat soldiers worry about getting home and staying alive. That’s all you care and think about. Fobits [an insult for soldiers and civilians who don’t leave the base] don’t care because they know they are coming home and they don’t see the sharp contradictions outside the wire. They only worry about long phone lines or if they can use the internet or is the FOB on blackout. The combat soldier who goes outside the wire all the time has the mindset of, "it’s either me or them and fuck them." I’m not saying all soldiers share this either-or mentality. But all soldiers suffer some form of alienation here, especially myself. It’s been a sharp contradiction of what I thought I would be doing and what I am doing.

(That’s the first letter. I wrote my cousin explaining that if all that soldiers cared about was surviving, they’d rebel and go home. I told him I think people are more fearful of being punished and losing rank and pay for rebelling than they are of surviving. My cousin responded with another letter….To be continued next issue.)

Fulfilling Potential As An Industrial Worker

I think our party is trying, with moderate success, to deal with the coming of world war and the development of fascism. The understanding of the necessity for a concentration in the military and industrial workers in our political work has proven hard to accept in practice. In fact, it was hard to accept for me too, as a student.

I think my main internal contradictions that made me nervous about doing industrial work were between my idealist ideas of what it meant to be an industrial worker and my materialist ones, and between my individualism and my communist collectivity in concern to what was politically needed.

For instance, like all working-class students, I knew that my choice to become an industrial worker would significantly alter my lifestyle. I knew I wouldn’t have as much free time, and I’d likely make less money. I’d be subjected to the direct pressure of the bosses in an openly racist and sexist environment. So I felt hesitant since my individualist side was keeping me focused on some illusion that I was "sacrificing" myself to this. Also, I had false fears that my training as a college student would make me fundamentally incompatible with the life of a manufacturing worker. Other Party members had similar fears, that implied that students were "middle class" and therefore likely "couldn‘t handle it". These dangerous ideas did nothing but cause me unnecessary fear. They made me feel like if I did the work, I’d drown.

These two contradictions could have kept me from doing the work. However, the struggle put forward by comrades helped me understand the life of an industrial worker. These comrades helped me pick out classes at a trade school where I interacted with many workers. Also, they encouraged me and some others to organize a cadre school where our ideas were discussed with some factory workers, and where we had a BBQ that allowed us to get to know one another a little. These comrades prepared me for interviews and helped me find a job so I could get my feet wet.

These activities helped me see the potential of our class more clearly. They combated my bad ideas. They really demystified what being an industrial worker was like. That I wasn’t that different, and as a working-class student, I could in fact do the work – and that I’d actually enjoy doing it – politically, that is. No one loves being a wage-slave!

The potential is definitely right in front of me. I’ve spent time with some fellow workers outside of work. One worker even defended me against some other young workers’ racist ideas. With all of these possibilities the ruling class is definitely in danger, but only if we do the work.

A young worker

Anti-Immigrant Racists?Mirror Nazis

I was at the rally in Morristown on July 28. While I was on your side of the barricades most of the day, I was able to walk around and talk to the people who attended the Pro-America Rally. This was the first time that I actually spoke to them, and since they thought I was sympathetic, they spoke rather truthfully. Listening to them speak really did make me think about how the Nazi party first organized among the "middle class." The people at the rally spoke about two main things:. 1) Corporate greed and how major corporations have taken over the schools as well as the government and that all they care about is profit. 2) How "illegals" aka Latin workers, are sneaking into the country and sucking up all of the resources and taking away jobs from honest, hard working "Americans."

The Nazis used the same methods when they were first organizing. The 26 points of the Nazi platform were very similar to a lot of what these people were saying. Hitler and the Nazis in their 26 points claimed to give the death penalty to "usurers and profiteers" and the "establishment of a sound middle class" just to name a few of these points. The comparisons between Latin workers now and Jewish workers then are also very striking.

While there may seem to be differences among their appearances, in essence they are the same. The anti-immigrant movement is a fascist movement and I am glad that CHALLENGE says that. While there are times that fascism may be used too liberally, I think we are in a period where it is more dangerous not to say it than to overstate it. Many people don’t think that what happened in Germany and Italy can happen here. While they may not have soldiers goose-stepping down the streets, the ideas and structures are beginning to be put in place, and I think most of the time CHALLENGE has correctly identified them. Keep up the good work.

Anti-Fascist Reader

Editorial Short on Specifics,Long on Assertions

A CHALLENGE front-page article (8/1) correctly emphasized the crucial role industrial workers must have in building for communist revolution. Many very important political points were made, but overall the article needed to communicate those points better for workers reading the paper.

The article covers many issues, but mostly in abbreviated fashion. Unexplained references to "Delphi, New Orleans, citizen vs. immigrant workers" are used to describe how bosses maximize their profits leading to the statement the "capitalist wage system requires inequality." Inter-imperialist rivalry and fascist slave-labor conditions are leading to World War III. Workers produce all the value, but bosses steal most of it; bosses need workers to fight wars, but workers need to survive and that "contradiction" can only be resolved by communist revolution. Later the article (with no specific references) warns not to "rely on liberal politicians, all of whom represent bosses’ interests."

These are all admirable ideas, but presenting them in "shopping-list" form is mostly useful in communicating them to those who already agree. To build a mass party, CHALLENGE should reflect that broadening goal. Articles should stay on point and have well-explained concrete examples. Arguments need to be built step by step in explaining PLP’s political analysis, rather than presenting take-it-or-leave-it assertions of political conclusions.

A better example is the recent article on hospital organizing in Philadelphia [CHALLENGE, 7/18] that described ideological interaction between PL’ers and other workers in a down-to-earth manner that made PLP’s politics more relevant to workers’ life experiences.

It doesn’t matter how good PL’s political analysis is if it isn’t successfully communicated to industrial workers (and others).

A Comrade

a name="‘White Flight’ No Myth"></">‘W"ite Flight’ No Myth

The article about segregation in public schools has a factual error. It was a 1948 Supreme Court decision [not after 1954 as the article stated] that ruled restrictive covenants were unconstitutional. However, the Supreme Court neglected to provide for any enforcement of its ruling. States and cities kept using them. They were institutionalized by the banks and the FHA, but were defined as a "private" agreement. So the practice, as described in the article, was effectively the same.

In addition, the article uses the term "myth of white flight." This requires some explanation. It seems the author means that the "myth" is that white workers fled cities from the end of World War II through the end of the 1960s because of their own, inherent racism. That is, workers spontaneously chose to live in segregated communities. That is a myth, as the article shows how government policies, and banking interests, created the conditions for the movement of workers from city to suburb.

But it would be incorrect to deny that masses of white workers left the city in that period. The actual shift in population is not a myth and a significant motivation for the move was racism. Workers came to see the city as dangerous, overcrowded, dirty – all euphemisms for the fact that black, Latin and immigrant workers were concentrated there.

Once again, the bosses were successful in creating and fostering racist divisions that continue to divide and hurt the working class.

It would be useful to see more articles on the complex ways in which segregation continues to be fostered in this country. Many people still believe that the problem is primarily white racism and do not understand the role the ruling class plays.

A reader

a name="Jamaica’s Deadly Election Circus">">"amaica’s Deadly Election Circus

It is election time in Jamaica, and green and orange flags tell you which neighborhood "belongs" to which of the two leading ruling parties here (the Jamaica Labor Party and the People’s National Party). In the poorest neighborhoods of Kingston, you have to be careful what color shirt you put on in the morning. Almost every day, there is a news report of at least one person being murdered in political violence, mostly the poorest of the poor.

The politicians go on TV every night calling for peace. However, many workers believe that behind the scenes, these same politicians supply the flags and the guns for the political warfare.

As one worker put it, "The rich big shots aren’t killing each other. They are setting the poor sufferers to fight and die…When will the sufferers wake up and see they are being used to kill each other while the rich get richer?"

Unemployment is rampant. The IMF and World Bank have destroyed agriculture to the point that it is cheaper to buy imported U.S. farm products than locally grown ones. United Fruit wasn’t satisfied with owning almost all the banana production in the world, so with the help of Bill Clinton, they changed international trade policies to destroy the Jamaican banana industry, which used to employ thousands of workers. By dumping powdered milk on the Jamaican market, subsidized by the U.S. government, the bosses also destroyed the local dairy industry. And the list goes on.

The government doesn’t spend any money to maintain basic human necessities, from medical care to education, roads and bridges, even water. A few weeks ago, nurses at Kingston Public Hospital went on strike because the hospital had no supplies—not even Panadol (pain reliever)! Schools are so overcrowded they are on two shifts, and the buildings are crumbling. In the weeks before the election, the government rushes to do a little patchwork on the roads, to give a few people a few weeks of work in exchange for their vote.

Elections here, like in all capitalist countries, are a big circus where the bosses decide who will control the government for their own particular interests and those of the imperialists they serve. They try to fool us into believing that things will get better if we change which politician is oppressing us. Workers and youth are very mad here. So the politicians get us to turn that anger against each other. A revolutionary communist party is needed here, in the rest of the Caribbean and around the world, to turn our anger into working class unity to get rid of capitalism.

When we workers run society, we will run it for the benefit of all our brothers and sisters, on the communist principle; "From each according to their ability and commitment; to each according to their need." There will be no rich and poor, no money, and no inequality. Blacks will not be on the bottom of the heap like they have since slavery. Racism will be crushed, women and men will be equals, and the most oppressed will be the leaders.

Striking Miners Derail Scab Train

SANTIAGO, Chile, July 29 — In late June, 28,000 miners struck subcontractors for CODELCO, the state-owned copper corporation and world’s biggest copper producer. The strikers are demanding permanent full-time jobs and a bigger share of the wealth they’re producing for CODELCO, which is profiting from the high price of copper in the world market (pushed up by demands from China, India, etc.)

But Michelle Bachelet’s "socialist" government has responded by sending riot cops to attack the strikers. The latter are being threatened with harsh homeland security-type legal actions and sellouts by hacks from some unions that collaborated with CODELCO’s scheme to divide the workers.

The unions representing 14,000 permanent workers have not supported the walkout, but many of their members have refused to go to work. In the El Teniente mine, strikers have attacked the buses transporting workers, shutting it down. The Salvador mine, to the north, has been closed for over a month after strikers blocked the roads leading to it. In the Andina Division of Codelco, in the northeast near the Andes Mountains, train lines were sabotaged and a train carrying 800 kilos of concentrated copper was derailed.

While Bachelet’s "socialist" government threatens the workers, the "Communist" Party, which influences many union leaders, is trying to use the strike to "push the government" to "serve the people." The "C"P continues its long history of betrayal, trying to convince workers to trust "progressive politicians" like Bachelet. This is the same "C"P which disarmed workers politically when Salvador Allende was in power, pushing the myth of "peaceful electoral transition to socialism." This trapped the working class into believing that the bourgeoisie and its fascist generals could accept workers taking power. Pinochet, along with Kissinger, the CIA and corporations like IT&T, shattered that illusion with a fascist coup on Sept. 11, 1973.

Today workers must not repeat this mistake. The key question in all these struggles is to turn them into schools for communism, forging a revolutionary working-class leadership to fight for communism.

REDEYE On the News

Dems Strut, but doubletalk on war

The Democrats, delighted by the wounded Bush presidency, believe this is their time. Like an ostentation of peacocks, an extraordinary crowd of excited candidates is gathering in hopes of succeeding Mr. Bush.

But such a timid crowd!

Ask a potential Democratic president what he or she would do about the war, and you’ll get a doctoral dissertation about the importance of diplomacy, the possibility of a phased withdrawal (but not too quick), the need for Iraqis to help themselves and figure out a way to divvy up the oil, and so on and so forth.

A straight answer? Surely you jest. (NYT)

‘None of the above’ to the Oval Office?

More good news for the Republican Party: A new AP poll reveals that its most popular presidential candidate is "none of the above…."

Indeed, the AP poll raises the further question of what would happen if the GOP declined to nominate anyone. It’s not clear…that an empty chair in the Oval Office could do any worse a job of governing…. (NY Post, 7/19)

Media saw Va. Tech, not inner city

….An agonizing issue…has been largely overlooked by the national media — the murder of dozens of [Chicago] …public school students since last September….

You’ve probably heard more than you wanted to about David Beckham and Posh Spice in recent days, but not a lot about the deaths of these children and teenagers in Chicago. Black, Latino and poor, they are America’s invisible children….

…There was tremendous grief across the country when the massacre at Virginia Tech happened last April….But with 34 schoolkids dead in Chicago since the beginning of the last school year,…"for the most part, there has been silence." (Bob Herbert, NYT)

In US 1890s Chinese fought ID law

In "Driven Out: The Forgotten War Against Chinese Americans," [Jean Pfaeizer] tells the story of the "thousands of Chinese people who were violently herded onto railroad cars, steamers or logging rafts, marched out of town or killed," from the Pacific Coast to the Rocky Mountains…."

…Confronted with the requirement , in the Geary Act of 1892, that Chinese immigrants carry an identity card proving they were in the country legally or else face deportation, thousands refused to submit to what they called the "Dog Tag Law," thus undertaking what Pfaeizer says was "perhaps the largest organized act of civil disobedience in the United States."

….Pfaeizer….also notes that [today] thousands of immigrants, thousands of people born in the United States to parents born abroad, and thousands of others are marching through the streets of Los Angeles, Houston and New York, refusing to be temporary people, transients, braceros, guests or sojourners." (NYT, 7/29)

Gov’t spies infest US Muslim areas

It is no secret to the Muslim immigrants of Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, that spies live among them.

Almost anyone can rattle off what they regard as the telltale signs of police informers. They like to talk politics. They have plenty of free time. They live in the neighborhood, but they have no local relatives.

"They think we don’t know, but know who they are," said Linda Sarsour, 26, a community activist…..

Many see the police tactic…as proof that the authorities — both in New York and around the nation — have been aggressive, even underhanded in their approach to Muslims. (NYT, 5/27)

Stressed Iraq vets become suicidal

To the Editor:…

My daughter runs a hotline for returning veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan. These are the soldiers with no physical wounds but who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder, and for the most part have returned home to find no work, broken marriages and very little available care or counseling…90 percent of these men and women are suicidal. (NYT, 7/28)

US no help to Afghan school-agers

In Afghanistan 7 million children do not attend school…. "It’s a continuous battle. The situation for children here is worse than is ever reported. Schools are being burned, water sources poisoned, there are no teachers for those schools that are open. The idea of universal education for every child in Afghanistan is just that, an idea. We are so far away from this becoming a reality…."

…35% of schools are nothing more than tents.

In a country where more than half the population of 32 million is under 16, 60% of children don’t go to school; 80-85% of these are girls. (GW, 7/27)

SICKO avoids race and class issues

Moore says up front in ["SICKO"] …that he is not focusing on the nearly 50 million people who have no access to care at all….Unfortunately, by giving cursory treatment to race and class, he avoided tackling the most intractable problems in this country’s health car system….

This is the reality I see every day as an ER doctor: Large groups of people — mainly those from communities of color, and those who are poor and uninsured — are not receiving basic care that can make all the difference. (Liberal Opinion Week, 7/18)

a name="Deadly Racism Sparked ’67 Detroit Uprising">">"eadly Racism Sparked ’67 Detroit Uprising

"I spent a year in Vietnam and then came home to realize that was not our fight. Our fight was here in Detroit, not trying to help Uncle Sam in Vietnam." — Black Vietnam Veteran, 1967

"When they sent troops from the 82nd Airborne into our neighborhood, it was clear that the U.S. government had declared war on our community." — Black resident of Detroit, 1967

On Saturday night, July 23, 1967, two black Vietnam veterans were welcomed back to Detroit by about 80 of their friends and families at an after-hours club at the corner of 12th Street and Clairmount Avenue, on the city’s near west side. Shortly before dawn, the police department’s Vice Squad raided the club, having already raided four such clubs that night. But at this one, the club’s patrons were not about to go quietly. As they were shoved into police cars, someone in the growing crowd of onlookers threw an empty bottle at a squad car. Thus began the "most sustained and violent urban rebellion in modern U.S. history." (Babson, p. 167)

Within several hours, the angry crowd had grown to 3,000. They began breaking store windows and looting stores along 12th Street. The rebellion that followed lasted nearly a week and terrified Detroit’s ruling class. It took more than 10,000 state and federal troops (including the 82nd Airborne Division, rerouted from Vietnam) to quell the uprising. By the end, 43 people were dead, 347 seriously injured, 7,000 arrested, and at least 1,300 buildings were burned.

What caused this rebellion, what did it lead to, what are its lessons? Clearly the police raid was the immediate spark, but the underlying reasons lay in the conditions existing in this city, the United States and worldwide in the mid-20th century.

Detroit had been the center of the automobile industry since the early 1900’s, with tens of thousands of workers toiling in dangerous, back-breaking conditions, earning huge profits for their employers. The city became a magnet for European immigrants and for Southern whites, who flocked there seeking a steady paycheck. Similarly, thousands of blacks migrated to Detroit from the South in the first decades of the century, both to escape its brutal segregation and grinding poverty, and also to land a job in one of the many factories supporting the auto industry. The industry was finally unionized in the 1930’s, led by the Communist Party, whose members and allies waged heroic and fierce battles, culminating in the sit-down strikes of the mid-1930’s.

But even with the victories of the United Automobile Workers, racism remained rampant throughout Detroit. Residential segregation was nearly ironclad. When blacks tried to move outside the boundaries of the dangerously overcrowded ghettos called Paradise Valley and Black Bottom, they were physically attacked by frenzied mobs of racist whites. In 1943, one of the worst race riots in U.S. history took place, when 10,000 whites rampaged through the streets of the black community, beating blacks and overturning their cars.

In addition, "until well after World War II, Detroit’s major hotels, restaurants, nightclubs and theaters either were closed to blacks or relegated them to separate areas." (Locke, p. 53) Detroit was a Northern stronghold of the KKK.

"Hardly any of the auto plants hired many blacks until the labor shortages of World War II. (The exception was Ford, which had a special policy of using large numbers of blacks as an anti-union ploy.) During the war, blacks were hired by the tens of thousands for the dirtiest, most dangerous, lowest-paid jobs. Many of those jobs were taken away during the recessions of the 1950’s." (Georgakas, pp. 27-8) Outside the auto industry, black Detroiters were relegated to the lowest-paying jobs — elevator operators, porters and janitors. In 1966, of the 1,845 apprentices in the Detroit Building Trades Apprenticeship Program, only 26 (barely1%) were black.

The Detroit police department had a long history of brutality and discrimination against black residents. During the 1920’s, many Detroit cops were Klan members. During the 1943 riot, "the police openly sympathized with the white mobs and behaved especially brutally towards blacks." (Sugrue, p. 29). In the early 1960s, the police department’s "Tac Squads," each comprising four officers, had a reputation for harassment and brutality in the black community. Cops routinely degraded black youths verbally and arrested and beat them. White cops often killed black residents in cold blood.

When, in 1948, the Supreme Court found the restrictive covenants that enforced residential segregation unconstitutional and blacks began to move from the ghetto, whites began to leave the city altogether, moving to the surrounding suburbs in large numbers. In the decade from 1946 to 1956, the Big Three auto companies spent $6.6 billion, building 25 new plants in suburbs surrounding Detroit. The city of Detroit lost 134,000 jobs between 1947 and 1963.

By 1966, Detroit had already lost more than 240,000 people and was losing 20,000 per year, as white residents fled to the suburbs. With the loss of residents, businesses and factories, Detroit’s tax base plummeted. The unemployment rate among black men was double that of white men; for black youth, it was 30%. Black schools in the city were severely overcrowded and severely under-funded. In grades 1-8, there was only one textbook for every two children. (Progress Report, p. 46)

So, when the police raided the club on 12th Street on July 23, for many black residents, it was the last straw in a long history of systematic discrimination and abuse. They took to the streets in massive numbers to protest the brutal oppression and exploitation that had always been a way of life in the city.

(Next: the rebellion and its aftermath.)

Sources/Suggestions for further reading:

"Detroit, I Do Mind Dying," by Dan Georgakas and ? Marvin Surkin
"Working Detroit," by Steve Babson
"Arc of Justice," by Kevin Boyle
"Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Post ? war Detroit," by Thomas J. Sugrue
"The 1967 Riot," by Hubert G. Locke
"People in Motion," by William M. Gilbreth
"A City on Fire" – HBO documentary
Report on the National Advisory Commission on Civil Dis? orders (Kerner Commission Report)
Progress Report of the New Detroit Committee

Dinner Marks 40th Anniversary of 1967 Detroit Rebellion

DETROIT, MI July 21 – "My aunt called my mother and said, ‘Stay off of 12th St., there’s a riot.’ I told my brother, ‘Anthony, get up. There’s a riot on 12th St.’ ‘Get outta here,’ he said. Anthony went back to sleep. I went to the riot." That’s how a black worker opened his remarks to more than 60 workers and youth at a dinner marking the 40th anniversary of the 1967 Detroit Rebellion against racism.

"And let me tell you about hatred," he continued. "We all grew up hating the police. They used to break up our softball games in the alley when we were only 7 years old! They used to harass us, and tell us what streets we could and couldn’t walk on. They used to lock us up. We grew up hating them."

He drew a map on the blackboard and described the military tactics used to ambush the police and engage the army. He showed how a 100 block area was never retaken by the army before they withdrew.

The very integrated crowd, that included guests from as far away as Chicago, treated themselves to an afternoon of good food and revolutionary, anti-racist talks and culture. The feeling of unity was so strong that at dinner, before the program even began, one woman looked around the room and asked, "Are there going to be more events like this?"

After everyone enjoyed an international dinner, the program began with a talk about the historic events and racist conditions leading up to the rebellion. That was followed by a poem, written and performed by a woman who was 12 years old and living on 12th St. when the rebellion erupted. She was followed by a young man from Chicago who did two anti-racist poems.

Then a skit was performed, with a newscaster reporting on the events of the rebellion, surrounded by poetry and young people taking the roles of some of the 43 victims killed during the uprising. They spoke about who they were, how they lived and how they died.

A Ford worker, from UAW Local 600, who also lived through the rebellion, spoke about the upcoming auto contracts. He made a commitment to oppose the plans of the bosses and union leaders to cut jobs and slash wages asking, "If these jobs go, what are our children going to do?" He was followed by still another young poet, who gave another example of the vast talent waiting to be tapped by a growing revolutionary movement.

After the program, we had an open discussion from the floor, and that’s where things really got good. An airport worker brought revolutionary greetings from his co-workers who endorsed a union resolution honoring the ’67 rebellion. A PLP member spoke about how as a youth he was moved by reading about the armed anti-racist self-defense group, Deacons for Defense. He said that the significance of the Detroit Rebellion was that the rebels took on the bosses’ state power, cops, National Guard and army, and how that points the way to communist revolution.

A woman who is a leader of the National Welfare Rights Organization livened things up saying that she was in the largest union, the union of the unemployed. She described the wave of silent and often invisible racist cutbacks resulting in tens of thousands of unemployed families living with no running water or electricity. She said she "would be damned if I walk another picket line" of union workers demanding a raise when they have followed their union leaders and "left the unemployed behind." Her stinging criticism and call for working class unity between employed and unemployed was well received by all, including Ford and Chrysler workers.

Then we heard from the brother mentioned above. After the program ended, old friends and new mingled and talked and everyone left with a copy of CHALLENGE. PLP has shared the fate of Detroit here, suffering some hard times in recent years. But if this dinner is any indication, we may be on the way back.

1. Crucial Step to Communism . . .
   Industrial Workers Must Fight
   Racist Warmakers
   1. WORKER-STUDENT ALLIANCE
   2. IDEOLOGICAL STRUGGLE IS THE KEY
2. PLP's History in Industrial Class Struggle
3. Abolish the Wage System
4. PLP Youth Serve Working Class and Bring Red Ideas to New Orleans
5. Latest Liberal Revolt vs. Bush Aims At Wider Wars
   1. SHEDDING IRAQI AND GI BLOOD NO SIN TO LIBERALS
   2. FAILING TO PUMP IRAQI CRUDE
      IMPEACHABLE OFFENSE
   3. `OUT-OF-IRAQ' LIE MEANS U.S. WAR MACHINE STAYS
6. Workers' Strikes Shake Latin America's Bosses
   1. Peru: General Strikers Sing Internationale
   2. MINERS WALK OUT IN CHILE
   3. NATION-WIDE STRIKE IN THE
      DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
7. New Orleans: The New Las Vegas?
8. Students Lead the Way in Fighting Fascism
9. Liberals' Health `Reform' Aim: Save Bosses Billions
10. $600 Billion for War, $2.3 Million Cuts
    for Transit
11. Racist Rulers Made Their Own Laws to Maintain School Segregation
12. Banks' and Realtors' Redlining, Blockbusting Segregates Housing
13. FIGHT FOR HARLEM HEALTH CARE
14. Students in Tanzania Strike Against Higher Education Cutbacks
15. Shipbuilders Face Racist
    Warmakers' Renewed Attacks
16. LETTERS
    1. Colombia Bosses' Attack Can't Stop Fight-back
    2. 9th Ward Mirrors Rulers' Plan
       for All Workers
    3. PL'ers Share Red Ideas With Katrina Victims
    4. SICKO Faith in Dems Won't
       Fix Healthcare
    5. Bosses Want Racist War,
       Not Street Fighting
17. REDEYE REDEYE
    1. US uses Nazi war crime methods
    2. Media quiet on capitalist crimes
    3. New Orleans renters are frozen out
    4. Black capitalism = black exploiters
    5. US equal opportunity is a myth
    6. US succeeding in wrecking Iraq
    7. How wages can kill communism
    8. Laws won't help workers' strength
18. PLP History:
    Anti-Vietnam War Era Big Leap Forward for PL
19. LESSONS 0F '67 NEWARK REBELLION:
    TO ERASE RACISM, DESTROY CAPITALISM

---

Crucial Step to Communism . . .
Industrial Workers Must Fight
Racist Warmakers

[Overheard on the shop floor] "We are the engineers, machinists and janitors, but you know what the worst part is? We're the ones making all the parts that pay for the fat bonuses of the management."

"We could totally run this place without them; they are only here to whip us anyway...."

Workers in basic industry produce and transport cars, tanks, guns, airplanes, steel and more. Despite the fact the bosses tell us we're marginal, workers in basic industry are central to capitalism's march to war. For example, the U.S. bosses are struggling to train more machinists and all industrial workers to make parts for aerospace and ships.

In "peacetime," the bosses steal most of the value we produce, netting profits to enrich themselves. They maximize their profits by super-exploiting workers, driving down wages (Delphi), dividing us by racism (New Orleans), sexism and nationalism (citizen vs. immigrant workers). The capitalist wage system requires inequality. Under capitalism, there will never be equal wages.

Today, this inequality has increased drastically. Intensifying inter-imperialist rivalry with China, Russia and the European Union for control of oil and markets drives these competing capitalists to lower workers' wages to prepare -- and pay -- for wider war. Subcontracting in auto and aerospace plants, racist wage differentials for black and Latin workers, non-union shops with long hours all constitute fascist slave-labor conditions, used to increase production for expanding war, leading to World War III. The conditions imposed by the bosses in these subcontracted plants drag down conditions in the entire industry. Unity between all workers is a must!

The industrial working class is growing worldwide. Today workers globally have been striking back against capitalism's oppressive conditions: auto workers throughout Europe and Russia, shipbuilding workers in Mississippi, teachers in Oaxaca, Mexico, miners in Chile, general strikes in Peru and the Dominican Republic (see page 3) and German railroad strikers who paralyzed that country.

When organized, the industrial workers have the potential to lead all workers to unite to destroy wage slavery. Workers produce all value without the bosses. The bosses' profit comes from stealing most of the value workers create. They cannot fight their inevitable wars for profit without working-class soldiers and the weapons workers make. The workers' need to survive stands in direct opposition to the needs of the bosses to maximize their profits.

Communist revolution to destroy capitalism and its wage system is the only way to resolve this contradiction. Then the working class will run society in our own interests, producing to meet the needs of the international working class, not the rulers' profits. Industrial workers have led the way in fighting for revolution under communist leadership. In 1917 in Russia, workers at the Putilov Works (a large weapons factory) used the weapons they produced to fight for the Russian Revolution.

WORKER-STUDENT ALLIANCE

Students have played an important role in fighting against imperialist wars and racism. However, students alone cannot end these capitalism evils. During the Vietnam War, students in the U.S., Mexico, and worldwide, inspired by the heroism of Vietnamese workers and peasants, organized mass, militant actions against the imperialist war and the system that caused it.

In 1968 in France, students -- influenced by the worldwide movement opposing the U.S. imperialist invasion of Vietnam, China's Proletarian Cultural Revolution and the students' own participation in the anti-colonial struggle in Algeria -- struck nation-wide against repressive government actions in the schools. Tens of thousands marched in the streets, attacking the cops. The working class was watching. Thousands of workers had been striking over the previous 12 months. A protest against wage-cuts led to a sit-down strike in a Nantes aircraft factory. Soon a tidal wave swept France, a country of 50 million with 14 million industrial workers. Within ten days, ten million workers had shut down the country; de Gaulle was begging German bosses for tanks. Students and workers were meeting, supporting each others' demands. A real worker-student alliance was born. (See Progressive Labor Magazine, February 1968.) Unfortunately the struggle was betrayed by the reformist politics of the French "Communist" Party and the country's union misleaders.

Workers and students should organize class struggle in their shops and on their campuses against racism, imperialist war and for their class interests. They should organize for a worker-student alliance to build working-class unity. We can't rely on liberal politicians, all of whom represent bosses' interests.

Revolution for workers' power won't occur spontaneously. A communist party with a revolutionary communist outlook and a deep base among industrial workers, soldiers and students is needed to destroy racism, imperialism and capitalist exploitation for good! When workers are won to communism, no power on earth can stop them!

IDEOLOGICAL STRUGGLE IS THE KEY

The bosses work overtime pushing racism, nationalism, patriotism and reform, especially now when they need fascism at the workplace. They push voting to convince workers -- especially those with the most revolutionary potential -- that capitalism can be reformed. Union leaders help the bosses institute slave labor conditions, as the United Auto Workers is doing to tens of thousands of auto workers. Coming immigration laws would codify slave labor for immigrant workers in subcontracted plants producing parts for weapons.

Communists participate in reform fights to win workers to see that reforms will not end the injustice of capitalism. The ideological struggle is crucial to exposing the bosses' system and to show that the working class and its allies are capable of organizing a revolution to take state power and run society without bosses. Building CHALLENGE networks and groupings among workers, soldiers and students lays the basis for a mass party and a future communist society.

A journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step. Let's make that step a sure one by bringing communist politics to industrial workers, building the PLP, building an alliance between workers, students and soldiers to achieve communism, a society where we produce and share based on need, not profit.

PLP's History in Industrial Class Struggle

From our very inception, PLP has always based the building of a revolutionary communist party on immersing ourselves among industrial workers. From barely one year old when organizing the 1963 nation-wide campaign to support the armed, wildcatting Hazard, Kentucky miners; to the work among transit workers in Washington, D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles and Chicago; to the organization in 1973 of the first sit-down strike in auto in 38 years at the Chrysler Mack Avenue plant in Detroit; to the auto plants of Southern California, New Jersey and Mexico; to a generation of leadership of Boeing workers; to organizing walkouts as garment workers in NYC and LA; among farm and packinghouse workers in California's San Joaquín Valley; among steel workers in Gary, Indiana and Chicago; brewery workers in Colombia; submarine-building shipyard workers in Groton, Ct.; to our present activity among subcontractor workers -- concentrating on bringing communist politics to the industrial proletariat has historically been the hallmark of the Progressive Labor Party.

Abolish the Wage System

The wage system was born with capitalism. It creates the illusion workers are being paid a "fair price" for their labor. In reality, bosses pay workers only a fraction of the value they produce, what Karl Marx called a "subsistence wage." The bosses keep the rest, what is called surplus value. This is capitalism's dirty secret, enabling the bosses to become the rich and powerful rulers of society and the world.

The wage system forces workers to permanently sell their labor power to the capitalists in order to survive. This wage slavery tells workers they are "free" because if they don't like one boss, they're always "free" to look for another. But in reality workers must sell their labor power to some boss or starve. The bosses decide who works and who doesn't and what the prevailing wage will be. This power forces billions to live on less than a dollar a day and condemns millions of our class brothers and sisters to death by starvation.

The union movement's slogan has been "A fair day's pay for a fair day's work" as well as "equal pay for equal work." But there can be no "fairness" or "equality" when the wage system enslaves, dehumanizes and divides the working class. The internal laws of capitalism force all bosses to maximize profits in order to survive as capitalists. Their choice is: either grow richer and bigger by becoming more competitive or go under. This impels the bosses to super-exploit workers, drive down their working conditions and pay less to some than to others by dividing them using racism, sexism and nationalism. The capitalist wage system is outright thievery. The working class, as Karl Marx said, must fight to "abolish the wage system."

In its place, the working class will build communism, where all workers will contribute their labor for the good of the international working class and share the fruits of that labor according to need, in times of scarcity or abundance. Communism relies on the strength and commitment of the united working class.

PLP Youth Serve Working Class and Bring Red Ideas to New Orleans

NEW ORLEANS, July 16 -- Over 40 PL'ers and friends came to this city to serve our class in a continuing time of need while offering workers the only solution to end racism and the misery of capitalism they face -- communism. The week-long project was led by young, emerging multi-racial future leaders of PLP.

The racism behind the capitalist-created disaster in New Orleans is still evident. Two years after Katrina hit, most of the working class has still not returned to the city. In the Lower Ninth Ward the only thing growing is the overgrown grass covering whole neighborhoods destroyed by racist neglect.

Over the week we planned to reach as many workers as possible -- including Mississippi shipyard workers whose earlier strike we had supported (see below). We brought our message of communism, covering much of the city door-to-door selling CHALLENGE to workers who've returned to the city, inviting them to a PL forum. We found that while some of these workers consider themselves "middle class," reality set in after the government, the insurance companies and the rest of the system's leeches screwed them over for profits. We also met a lot of "day laborers" from Latin America at bus stops or who slept under bridges. They recounted their struggles to find jobs and the constant harassment from residents as well as from the state. One worker who was in the FMLN sang us revolutionary-spirited songs from the 12 years he spent fighting in the civil war in El Salvador.

We also helped rebuild the home of the mother of a friend of the Party, which brought our friend closer to PLP. All the workers we met were invited to our forum on the need for communist revolution and were asked to relate their struggles and interaction with the Party.

Our forum was a huge success. Two of the New Orleans workers described how they were inspired from being with a group of young committed revolutionaries. One of the most moving speeches came from the friend whose mother's house we worked on. She said that try as she might to find fault with our Party, she couldn't find a single one. We hope she will continue to work with us.

Many project participants spoke about the comradeship they felt during the week's activities, inspiring them even more to work with the Party in their hometowns. The main speaker analyzed the effects of inter-imperialist rivalry on the working class and especially of the need to fight racism between black workers and Latin workers being pushed by the bosses here.

Afterwards we went for a snack at Café du Monde. When one waiter remarked to our large multi-racial group that wanted to sit together, "Are you Mexicans or something," a comrade made a speech and we collectively decided not to return.

While in New Orleans we were privileged to enjoy a BBQ with the Pascagoula, Miss. shipyard workers who halted the U.S. imperialists' warship repairs in a month-long strike for higher wages. These workers were very appreciative of our support for their strike and thanked us for our continuing efforts to help rebuild New Orleans.

These workers taught us a lot and also learned much from us about their potential -- along with soldiers and students -- to create a new system based on communist ideology.

This summer project re-enforced our commitment as future leaders to take our experience back to our shops, schools, campuses and mass organizations to continue the fight against capitalism for communist revolution.

Latest Liberal Revolt vs. Bush Aims At Wider Wars

Liberals are stepping up a phony "Out-of-Iraq" campaign that, in fact, advances U.S. imperialism's broadening war agenda. On July 12, the Democratic-controlled House voted for withdrawing most combat troops from Iraq by next April 1. A handful of liberal Republican senators, supposedly "breaking party discipline," now openly criticize Bush's war policy. The liberal New York Times began its full-page July 8 editorial, "It is time for the United States to leave Iraq." But the Times' imperialist cheerleader Thomas Friedman soon revealed the real motive for the liberals' call for retreat: "Tehran will no longer be able to bleed us through its proxies in Iraq, and we will be much freer to hit Iran -- should we ever need to -- once we're out."

The liberals understand that the Iraq chaos drains U.S. military capacity to face far greater threats to its control of Middle Eastern oil. Soon-to-be nuclear Iran is openly hostile. Already nuked-up Pakistan teeters on the brink of a fundamentalist Islamic coup, as does oil's grand prize, Saudi Arabia.

SHEDDING IRAQI AND GI BLOOD NO SIN TO LIBERALS

Liberals claim to be outraged that Iraq can't meet a series of "benchmarks," such as creating a competent police force and army and holding local elections. But what angers U.S. liberal rulers the most is Iraq's failure to get its vast oil reserves flowing into Exxon Mobil's tankers. Before the 2003 invasion, the Rockefeller-led Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) and the James A. Baker Institute had jointly issued a report detailing the oily windfall awaiting U.S. rulers. It spoke of U.S.-controlled, $18-a-barrel Iraqi crude gushing at a rate of "6 million barrels a day by 2010." Washington would thus wield tremendous economic and political power over its foreign rivals and dependants.

Today, however, the oil price hovers above $70, which harms the U.S. economy, increasing the federal defecit and therefore weakening the dollar. Meanwhile, it enriches U.S. oil-producing foes like Russia, Iran and Venezuela. And Iraq averaged only 1.96 million barrels a day in the fiscal year ending July 1, dashing U.S. hopes to use Iraq as a swing producer that could dictate the world price.

Kurdish officials' recent refusal to back Iraq's pending oil law (which hands the lion's share of profits to Exxon Mobil, Chevron, BP and Shell) tells only half the story. Mimicking imperialists, local capitalist warlords are battling for the oil treasure. The AP reported (7/9): "The Iraqi oil industry was subjected to nearly 160 attacks by insurgents and saboteurs last year, killing and wounding dozens of employees and reducing exports by some 400,000 barrels a day, Oil Minister Hussain al-Shahristani said Monday. [He] said that 198 Oil Ministry employees had been killed and 124 wounded by violence in the past years."

FAILING TO PUMP IRAQI CRUDE
IMPEACHABLE OFFENSE

Iraq's reserve 300-billion barrel oil treasure makes it too valuable for U.S. rulers to simply abandon. Furthermore, doing so would only embolden Iran, Syria and especially Al Qaeda, whose main mission is to take over Saudi Arabia. So, U.S. liberal rulers are searching for another approach. The Capitol Hill revolt against Bush forms part of U.S. imperialists' new plans. Anti-Bush Republican senators like Lugar, Warner, Domenici, and Voinovich seem to be taking orders from Gen. William Odom, former head of President Jimmy Carter's National Security Agency. He told the Times (6/24/07), "The endgame [reversing Bush's failed policy] will start when a senior senator from the president's party says no, much as William Fulbright did to LBJ during Vietnam."

Odom, who helped make the Mid-East and its oil fields a major U.S. war theatre, advocates a tactical retreat from Iraq, followed by a massive World War II-style allied invasion of the region. Odom warns, "If [Bush] ignores... legislative action...impeachment proceedings will proceed in the House of Representatives. (Harvard University, Nieman Foundation, 7/7/07).

`OUT-OF-IRAQ' LIE MEANS U.S. WAR MACHINE STAYS

Make no mistake. The liberals seek U.S. military supremacy, not peace. The House Democrats' deadline, April Fools Day, unwittingly betrays their insincerity. Their resolution calls for keeping a "limited presence" of U.S. troops in the country. The Times' editorial cites a need for permanent U.S. bases: "The United States could strike an agreement with the Kurds to create those bases in northeastern Iraq. Or, the Pentagon could use its bases in countries like Kuwait and Qatar, and its large naval presence in the Persian Gulf, as staging points."

The latest Foreign Affairs, the CFR journal, foresees Iraq leading to a general Mid-East conflagration and, ultimately, World War III: "In addition to waging irregular warfare against insurgents and terrorists, the United States must prepare to deal with several mid-size states that possess substantial conventional forces and will likely soon have small nuclear arsenals. Looking further ahead, China's rapid economic growth and technological progress could eventually transform the country into a genuine peer competitor, able to challenge U.S. military predominance in Asia, if not beyond."

Politicians don't serve the working class. They serve capitalists who benefit from war's murder and destruction. Instead of relying on politicians, we should expose and attack them as part of building a revolutionary communist movement that can put an end to wars for profit.J

Workers' Strikes Shake Latin America's Bosses

Peru: General Strikers Sing Internationale

On July 11, workers, peasants and others organized a massive general strike in Peru against both the government's economic and political policies and the U.S.-led Free Trade Agreement, claiming it will just benefit big international and local corporations at the expense of urban and rural workers (as happened in Mexico). The Lima march ended with thousands of workers and youth singing the workers' anthem, The Internationale. President Alán García sent riot cops and the army against the strikers and marchers. But protestors blockaded the Pan American highway in Arequipa and thousands seized the Juliaca airport, 525 miles south of Lima, canceling all flights.

In Cuzco, Peru's main tourist attraction, teachers, transport and many other workers blocked the main entry and exit to the city, forcing closure of train service to the Inca city of Machu Picchu (recently declared one of the new Seven Wonders of the World).

Herminia Herrera, a striking teacher, died after being beaten by cops during a July 6 teachers' march. The teachers are striking against a new law making it easier to fire them. Many militant teachers are wary of a sellout by the union leadership, led by "Red Fatherland" (a fake-leftist group). That leadership, which at first supported the candidacy of current President Alán García, calling him a "progressive," is now pleading with José Chang, Minister of Education, to sit down and talk. Meanwhile, President García signed the law and has threatened to replace striking teachers with scabs.

While the angry workers' actions continued after the general strike, President García blamed it on "the buried ideology of communism," ordering more cops to attack them, killing 18, injuring many more and arresting 160. This repression has been very sharp against miners in the economy's key metal industry. In mid-June, cops attacked miners striking the subcontractor silver and lead mines, killing four strikers. Contract miners also struck the Chinese capitalist-owned Shougang iron mine. The strike leader is still under arrest. And area peasants have joined workers striking the Southern Copper Company's three mines, protesting the mine company's poisoning of the water there.

MINERS WALK OUT IN CHILE

On July 13, miners ended their strike against the Collahuasi copper mine, owned by a consortium including Sxtrata PLC (Swiss-British-owned), Mitsui from Japan and Anglo-American from South Africa. They won some of their economic demands. But copper miners in the state-owned Codelco mine are now in their strike's second week. (See CHALLENGE, 7/18)

The militant Codelco strikers have blocked scab shipments and fought riot cops. The copper industry is reaping record profits from high prices resulting from the great demand for the metal, especially from rising economies in China and India. But the copper bosses refuse to share more of their profits with the miners. Michelle Bachelet's "socialist" government has joined the attacks on these workers, refusing to recognize the demands of the subcontractor strikers, battling the state-owned Codelco. Meanwhile, the national copper miners' union leadership has refused to organize an all-out strike of all miners, include the permanent workers in Codelco, to really put pressure on the bosses.

NATION-WIDE STRIKE IN THE
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

On July 9, a national strike hit the Dominican Republic, in a day of protest against the government of President Leonel Fernández, whose ruling party (PLD) began as a "leftist" national liberal one and has turned into a free-market, imperialist-friendly outfit. The country's workers and youth are fed up with constant blackouts, lack of water in many neighborhoods, unemployment (one of the highest in the hemisphere), government corruption and crime (led by drug gangs protected by cops and high-ranking military officers). Thousands have died in the last decade crossing the dangerous Mona Channel to try to reach Puerto Rico to escape the poverty in the Dominican Republic. Ironically, Haitian workers have also fled even worse conditions in Haiti to be super-exploited by bosses in the D.R.

Unfortunately, the strike and other protests are usually used by the opposition politicians to win votes for the 2008 Presidential elections. The previous government of Hipólito Mejia, hated by the masses, saw many such national strikes used by the current ruling party to win the 2004 elections.

All these struggles, and many more, across Latin America show that capitalism, in its current free-market format or in any form, is incapable of satisfying the basic needs of workers, peasants and youth. Some politicians try to take advantage of the masses' hatred of the current crop of pro-U.S. free-market governments as a means to take power and seek deals with other imperialist blocs (Europe, China and even Russia). Others claim that "Bolivarian socialism" (with lots of capitalism) is the answer. But even in Venezuela, where Chávez has used the oil bonanza to give workers some small reforms, capitalism and poverty still reign.

In Brazil, Lula, a former auto and steel union leader, promised to rule for the workers when he took power. But he has only served the powerful, rising Brazilian bourgeoisie (like the Petrobras oil giant now hated by workers in Ecuador and Bolivia for its exploitation similar to Exxon-Mobil, Shell & Co.).

The only answer is to turn these conflicts into schools for communism. It's a long, hard fight, but out of these struggles workers and their allies must forge a new revolutionary communist leadership to prepare for the difficult but needed battle ahead to destroy capitalism.J

New Orleans: The New Las Vegas?

Our Summer Project began by viewing the levee systems in Lakeview, the Lower 9th Ward, and the French Quarter. We saw the superior, complex levees in rich neighborhoods like Lakeview and the French Quarter. Most of the houses are repaired and renovated, some undamaged. In Lakeview, the government put metal braces on their palm trees. In the Lower 9th Ward and other working-class neighborhoods, the levees are barely thicker and taller than the ones that failed during Katrina. Most of the houses are completely destroyed or were bulldozed.

Volunteers who were here last year were shocked that the Lower 9th Ward still looks like a wasteland. We saw houses that we gutted last year, now boarded up and still uninhabitable. We were angry and disappointed. We put so much hard work into fixing those homes. We realized that the ruling class doesn't want people to return to these neighborhoods and doesn't care about the people they displaced.

During the week, we saw military police and the New Orleans Police Department crawling all over, harassing residents just standing outside. One man told us the cops frisked him because he was gutting his mother's house and couldn't prove he lived there. We said police brutality was one way the bosses attack workers and gave him CHALLENGE. He took an extra one for his mom and gave us $5.

That worker also said the government is mailing his neighbors notices to their homes saying they must attend a hearing within four months to claim their houses, but since most people haven't returned to their homes yet, it's almost impossible for them to know about the hearings. According to this worker, when people miss them, the government seizes their homes. He also told us that a company was buying out some of his neighbor's houses. He felt helpless about the company trying to buy out the neighborhood and putting casinos in place of their homes to "make New Orleans the new Las Vegas."

The working class is under constant attack by the bosses. One college cafeteria worker told us that in her neighborhood contractors would call immigrantration agents on pay day, so that workers would be deported and the contractors wouldn't have to pay them. Even though racism keeps workers divided, this woman said she wished she could do something to help these workers. We want to continue conversations with her and get her CHALLENGE regularly.

We met some migrant workers who live under a bridge. They go days without eating, don't always get paid for their hard work, and send the little money they earn home to their families. They all took CHALLENGE and talked for hours.

Some of us were surprised about how open most workers were to the communist ideas. One migrant worker said, "Workers of all countries need to unite because we're hungry while there's so much food sitting in the supermarkets that we can't afford." Workers are angry not only at the U.S. government, but also at capitalism in general. We must make a plan to be able to maintain contact with these new CHALLENGE readers.

While workers had mostly good ideas, many still have illusions about capitalism and religion. One construction worker told us that "there are a lot of sinners in New Orleans. God had to wash them away." He said the government had bad people and that they didn't respond quickly enough after Katrina but didn't answer why god didn't wash the bosses away.

We saw how religion didn't fix people's houses, lives or families, but rather the exact opposite: how it brainwashes workers, keeping them from fighting back. We definitely saw that capitalism will always screw workers as much as it can, and the bosses will never serve our interests; that a communist revolution is the only way that we can destroy a system which leaves workers to rot and die while tourists sit partying and getting drunk in the French Quarter.

We will continue to struggle with workers and ourselves in the constant battle between capitalist and communist ideas. This project has energized us to work even harder in order to organize as many workers as possible to overthrow capitalism and replace it with communism, a need-based system without money that won't murder millions every year for greed.J

Students Lead the Way in Fighting Fascism

NEW JERSEY, June 26 -- Twenty-five high school students and 30 teachers and workers gathered to oppose the U.S. ruling class' concentration camps at Guantanamo Bay and the Military Commission Act, which gives the President the right to arrest and detain anyone for however long they want without having to show any evidence. The event, organized by the students of a local Amnesty International chapter, was significant because it marked the beginning of a relationship the students are building with the anti-war community and its largest organization, New Jersey Peace Action. It resulted from a year of political struggle to get students to take leadership organizing events in the town.

While at the event, the students wore local T-shirts that read "Fight Back Against Racism, Sexism, Nationalism, Exploitation, Imperialism, Torture, and Apathy" and carried signs that read "Guantanamo Bay + Military Commission Act = U.S. Fascism." The students wrote and distributed flyers to their classmates saying more needed to be done than just protesting Guantanamo Bay and the Military Commissions Act. These are just two examples of the U.S. ruling class' drive toward fascism. U.S. bosses -- squeezed by their opponents like China -- need to discipline workers.

The leaflet also warned not to rely on the Democrats, citing that both New Jersey Democratic Senators, Lautenberg and Menendez, voted for the Military Commission Act. The students cited capitalism as the real enemy, because the competition inherent in this system causes imperialist wars and fascist policies at home.

Many students agreed with the flyer and took and read CHALLENGE, but other demonstrators were peace activists from the '60s and '70s who still believe in the Democrats and Barack Obama. The national leadership of Amnesty International, one of the organizing groups for that day's events nationwide, used the slogan "The America I Believe In Leads the World on Human Rights." But the history of the U.S. ruling class throughout the 20th century shows the exact opposite to be true. Capitalism can never allow the ruling classes to put human needs before the pursuit of profit.

PLP has played an important role in exposing these young organizers to communist ideas. With more work and struggle, these students will hopefully become future leaders of the Party and the working class.J

Liberals' Health `Reform' Aim: Save Bosses Billions

LOS ANGELES, CA -- California politicians, unions, and liberal activists are using Michael Moore's new movie "Sicko" to promote "single-payer" health care reform. In June the "It's Our HealthCare" coalition held a series of rallies in six cities to support pending health care reform legislation.

Moore spoke in LA to about 150 people mainly from ACORN, SEIU, AFSCME, UFCW, California Nurses Association, and other unions -- many of them paid staff. He said that "Something is fundamentally wrong when we spend more on healthcare than any other developed country and get less back." LA Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa urged the audience to see SICKO and said that health care is a basic human right. But then he said that the healthcare system is in crisis and that "the burden cannot rest solely with employers."

These comments reveal the real reason why health care reform is on the agenda. It's not because of all the true, terrible stories workers are telling about their situations. It's because major U.S. industrialists, pushed harder and harder by other imperialist competitors, can't maximize their profits while paying health benefits (including for retirees) that were fought for back when the U.S. was a rising power. At the same time "National Health Care" (the illusion of a system where all workers receive some kind of affordable insurance) will be a rallying cry to build patriotism at the very time workers are under sharper attack.

"Because health care expenditures come either out of business' profits or get passed on to consumers as higher prices, U.S. companies put themselves at a competitive disadvantage compared, at least, to every other country in the industrialized world," wrote Jonathan Tasini, president of the Economic Future Group. His example was General Motors, "the once-proud gold standard of American industry whose bonds' credit rating has plummeted to junk status.... GM will spend $5.6 billion this year on health care for its employees and retirees -- more money than it shells out for steel for its cars -- which means every GM car we buy costs $1,500 more because of health care." He quoted GM's CEO Rick Waggoner saying, "Our $1,500-per-unit health care expense represents a significant disadvantage versus our foreign-based competitors. Left unaddressed, this will make a big difference in our ability to compete in investment, technology and other key contributors to our future success."

The biggest imperialists need to discipline the highly profitable health care insurance industry in the greater interest of their class as a whole. Commented Tasini: "Corporate America is shredding its own global competitiveness because it can't shake the death grip of an anti-government ideology. This short-sighted ideology leads big business to shun single-payer national health insurance, which could save businesses hundreds of billions of dollars." A national single-payer system -- for example, extending Medicare to everyone as recommended by Physicians for a National Health Plan -- would get some workers more help with health care expenses but would also be a way of rationing health services for everyone except the rich. It would be a way to shift the burden -- as Mayor Villaraigosa suggested -- from employers to working-class taxpayers, while supposedly building confidence in the government.

So the health care "Road to Reform" will make the capitalist system work better for the bosses at the expense of the workers. It makes no sense to talk about health care as a "basic right" as long as we live under this system hell bent on war and fascism, where the bottom line is the rulers' profits. In this period of intensifying inter-imperialist rivalry we can expect the bosses to continue to attack our standard of living, and then send our youth to their wars. Liberals like Moore, Villaraigosa, the New York Times, and the "Change to Win" unions are trying to use their "Road to Reform" to win workers' loyalty to this deadly system. Workers need to shed illusions in this bosses' road to reform and join PLP's road to revolution.J

$600 Billion for War, $2.3 Million Cuts
for Transit

Transit workers in a suburb of San Francisco already face long, stressful schedules and poor working conditions. We have to wait until the end of our line to use the bathroom - a filthy Portapotty. As one driver put it, "I feel like an animal, degraded, disrespected . . . next thing they'll want us to wear a catheter!" He's not exaggerating by much. The city council now wants to institute $2.3 million worth of service cuts and layoffs, drastically affecting the quality of life for transit workers and their passengers.

Recently, I helped organize fellow workers to attend a city council meeting to fight back against these changes. I was able to explain that the capitalist priorities of war for profits stood in the way of our immediate struggle.

For two hours, workers and riders told about the hardships that would result from the city eliminating 90% of Sunday service and four daily routes. Retired workers said they would be prisoners in their homes on the weekends without public transit. Single parents would be unable to get to work or their kids' daycare. Drivers predicted unsafe, crowded buses resulting from route cuts. Many said the bosses sacrificed the needs of the mostly black and immigrant working class while pandering to the mostly white upper middle class who ride the ferries.

Despite all the evidence, and the fake sympathies of the transit managers and city council members, the "facts" meant that the budget would not allow the city to maintain the services and the jobs.

I was able to put budget-talk in its place. Where were the figures about the budgets of the laid-off drivers or the riders needing to call a taxi to get to work? Their figures didn't account for the budgets of the banks who have stolen millions from this city's workers though predatory, racist "sub-prime" lending practices. Hundreds of workers' homes have been foreclosed. The $600 billion spent on the murderous war in Iraq has helped no workers while profiting oil bosses whose refineries spew filth over this suburb but whose CEOs have not directed any profits to transit.

Finally, I gave out CHALLENGE, commenting that the whole capitalist system was murderous to workers and needed to be replaced by workers' power. I can now follow up with those who organized with me. Continued contact is the "fertilizer" for the small revolutionary seed that I planted with my speech.

I recognized this war could - like Vietnam - be a flashpoint for revolutionary consciousness. There will come a time when we can honor the military for fighting for the working class rather than for the interests of U.S. imperialism, when soldiers become part of the movement to overthrow capitalism.

Transit Red

Racist Rulers Made Their Own Laws to Maintain School Segregation

(CHALLENGE, 7/18, analyzed the recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling that limits school districts' ability to maintain integrated schools. It noted that U.S. rulers wanted the original 1954 Brown decision because segregation laws throughout the South made the U.S. look bad in its efforts to defeat communism worldwide. The following will explain why schools have remained almost completely segregated despite the 1954 Court decision, and how the ruling class appeared to end a racist practice while still promoting racist segregation.)

The Brown decision ended only the legal segregation in the South. The more prevalent segregation, however, that still exists today, is "de facto" segregation based on where people live. If white people, for example, choose to live in a single community, then their children will attend the same community school. No one from the community will be banned from the school but still the school will be all white -- segregated, apparently by choice.

The ruling class, which always benefits by creating racist divisions within the working class, deliberately promoted this type of segregation. One weapon used was the "restrictive covenant." Deeds of sale contained restrictions on who could buy the property. The restrictions always banned sales to black and Jewish people and sometimes included other groups and immigrants. Banks required these covenants before approving mortgages. They were enforced by state and local laws. The U.S. government required them in all sales involving the post-World War II GI Bill that enabled millions of workers to become first-time home-owners. Every arm of the government and financial system enforced restrictive covenants.

The myth of "white flight" -- that white workers raced to leave the cities and live in the suburbs because they are inherently racist -- took hold. The truth is rooted in these restrictive covenants. Many workers wanted to live a nicer life in the suburbs and the "flight" would have been a multi-racial one except that only white workers were allowed to go. Anti-racists fought such covenants, and although the U.S. Supreme Court finally ruled them unconstitutional after the Brown decision, by then the damage was done. By the 1960's, suburban housing patterns were entirely segregated, and so, therefore, were the schools.

Restrictive covenants were made illegal and then discarded when blatant government-sponsored racism became an obstacle to U.S. imperialist goals in Africa. When housing segregation wasn't sufficient to maintain school segregation, U.S. bosses turned to providing so many government services to private schools that the real cost of sending a child there became affordable to many workers. Now, even as neighborhoods became somewhat more integrated, the choice became private vs. public schooling. Again, many more white workers could pay the now affordable private-school tuition.

Federal laws subsidized private schools, upholding taxpayers' "rights" to have their money used no matter what school their child attended. Private-school students were bused to school on public school buses. Public school budgets were required to provide private schools with services like school nurses, special education specialists, speech therapists and others. Today we live in a two-tier system of private and public schools where parents pay only a fraction of the true cost of a private-school education. This obstacle to the united fight of the entire working class for better public schools exists almost entirely because of government policies.

The Civil Rights movement led many workers looking at housing segregation patterns to question what kind of education their children should experience. While enormous numbers of workers were misled into a racist desire to keep their school segregated, some launched campaigns to integrate urban and suburban schools through busing plans to defeat the housing patterns by transporting students to create racial balance. Urban parents supported plans for diversity that examined the racial balance of individual schools. But these plans were doomed.

First, they never could address the parallel system of private schools that were exploding in number. Second, such plans relied on government enforcement -- the very ruling-class government that needs to maintain racist divisions and only gives lip service to the fight for integrated schools. The recent Supreme Court case is simply another reminder of this harsh reality. (A future article will analyze the complexity of school busing.)

We can never look to the capitalist system, and its government, to fight for the working class.

Banks' and Realtors' Redlining, Blockbusting Segregates Housing

When restrictive covenants weren't enough to maintain segregated housing, the banks and real estate interests had other racist practices to fall back on. Redlining--where lines were literally drawn on city maps on a block by block basis determining where black families would be allowed to buy or rent--was enforced by realtors and banks who would not give mortgages to blacks attempting to buy outside the areas "lined" for them.

"Blockbusting" was perhaps the most vicious of the racist tactics as it encouraged and preyed on the fears of white working and middle class homeowners in the areas where some integration had actually taken place. Realtors spread rumors that black families moving into a previously all white neighborhood would decrease property values (and home ownership was often each family's main asset even if they were usually heavily mortgaged). Well-financed real estate interests would buy the houses from white owners at bargain prices and then resell them to black families at higher prices made possible by the difficulty that black families had in finding any homes that they were allowed to buy.

Banks then completed the rip-off by charging black families twice the mortgage interest rates paid by the previous white owners--a precursor of the "sub-prime" racist banking exploitation reported on in recent CHALLENGES. Racism, profits and capitalism--you can't have one without the others.

While black families were hurt the most by the housing racism, white workers often lost much of the equity in their homes when racist pressures and fears overcame their class consciousness. When racism wins, all workers lose.

FIGHT FOR HARLEM HEALTH CARE

NEW YORK CITY, July 16 -- Parishioners at St. Mary's Church at 126th St., including several CHALLENGE readers, are leading the fight to reopen the Manhattanville Health Center, a public clinic down the block, which was closed over five years ago. Although it was said to be shut for renovation, only the façade was ever completed. The politicians claim there is no need for the clinic because visits had fallen at this and other clinics.

However, the city's own statistics lay bare the racist burden of poverty and poor health in Harlem. The death rate is 40 percent higher than in the city as a whole, and the poverty rate is 50 percent higher. Twenty-four percent of Harlem residents do not have a primary source of health care and 11 percent use the ER for emergencies. HIV deaths are more than double the rate in NYC; cancer is the leading cause of premature death.

Clinic visits may have fallen, but two main reasons were cuts in services provided and managed Medicaid. The latter assigns Medicaid patients to a particular provider and does not allow them to go elsewhere. Since many patients never receive or don't understand notices asking them to choose an MD, they are assigned one and never know it. When the need for health care arises, they will be turned away from any other source of care, except in life-threatening emergencies.

Although the racist burden of poor health and health care persists in Harlem, the city has a new plan -- to decrease the population. Columbia University, located below Harlem on 116th St., is planning a massive expansion to 17 acres above 125th St, including a level 3 biotech laboratory. The expansion will dislocate many small business and low-income housing units. They have also expressed interest in taking over the clinic, with their interests, not those of the community, in mind.

Only a militant struggle by the community and allies at Columbia has a chance of limiting the University's expansion and rescinding the health cuts. Hundreds turned out at a Community Board 9 meeting last week, including some of our St. Mary's group. The Church activists are also planning a demonstration on July 26 and mobilizing for the next Board 9 meeting. A group of Columbia students has produced a pamphlet exposing the expansion plan and will work on one about health care. High school students and church members are surveying local residents to document problems with getting health care.

Some liberal and Democratic politicians are also opposing Columbia's plan, but that is not enough. Even though militant community action stopped the University's plan to build a gym in Harlem decades ago, that did nothing to decrease poverty, unemployment, housing shortages or racism. Capitalism's need for a divided working class, low-wage workers, high unemployment to keep wages down, and an ever-expanding army for endless imperialist wars insure that conditions will not improve. That is why we must not only build this struggle, but use it as a tool to expose the system and train new leaders for the fight for communism, where the health care of all workers and their families will be number one priority and racist elitist institutions like Columbia University won't exist.

Students in Tanzania Strike Against Higher Education Cutbacks

DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA, July 15 -- Students at Dar es Salaam University in Tanzania struck for four weeks this past June against a new policy that would drastically cut government subsidies to higher education. Students at several other public universities also supported the strike. The new policy would require students to pay 40% of their tuition and cut their mandatory summer fieldwork allowance in half. (Summertime field-work is an academic requirement for all students). Even though the policy change would only affect new students, everyone at the University fought back, showing that thousands of students, not directly affected, were won to the idea of solidarity. For those students who come from families living on less than $1 a day, this new policy would force them to drop out of school. Marching under banners that read "Revolution for Changes" and attacking favoritism to the wealthy, the students forced the government to back off for now. 

Two years ago, the government cutbacks attempted to end free higher education. When students protested, the police beat them. This time, the Vice Chancellor Mukandala, who has built lavish mansions around Dar es Salaam, threatened to expel striking students. During the strike, he told Parliament that "higher education should only be for the few -- for those who can think critically." At the same time fewer high school students than ever passed the Form 6 exam, which means they won't be allowed into college. This plan to cut back spending on higher education by letting in fewer students (as well as making it unaffordable) is part of the World Bank's agenda with developing nations worldwide.

As inter-imperialist rivalry intensifies, institutions like the World Bank are using Structural Adjustment Programs to make trade arrangements even more favorable to the world's most powerful capitalist countries. Trying to expand the markets for the imperialists, they are forcing countries like Tanzania to cut government spending. Ending free higher education as well as other services to the working class have become a requirement for foreign investment.

Students told CHALLENGE that they "know what is going on" in their country. Government leaders drive around in expensive cars, they control the media and spend tax money on building new soccer stadiums, all at workers' expense. One student, Bernadetha Rushabu, says the purpose of university education here is to create more such corrupt leaders who serve the rich rather than the "sons and daughters of peasants." Both students interviewed agreed that the strike had radicalized them and most students at the University.

After the country became independent from Britain in 1961, its most prominent leader, Julius Nyerere, tried to impose "African-style socialism." But it failed because he tried to reform capitalism. After 1985, "free market" capitalism began abolishing these reforms. In today's Tanzania, expensive malls are built while millions suffer from malnutrition and unemployment and die unnecessarily from HIV/AIDS. A common theme among the students and working people of Tanzania today is that corruption is ruining their country. Corruption, however, is a direct result of the government embracing the capitalist values of selfishness and greed. Under capitalism, the "free market" gives the bosses the legal right to rob and exploit workers and students.

By fighting back, Dar es Salaam University students are learning important lessons on how the government, the media, the police and the university work together to protect the profits of both the imperialists and the local capitalists. Students and workers everywhere should take the lead from the courage of the Tanzanian students. The building of the communist PLP can help break with the widespread cynicism caused by the failure of trying to reform capitalism and by the collapse of the old communist movement. Workers and students, unite to smash capitalism and imperialism!

Shipbuilders Face Racist
Warmakers' Renewed Attacks

PASCAGOULA, MS., July 16--Today they buried 32-year-old Harvey Packer, a welder and member of Boilermakers Local 693. Harvey had 10 years at the Northrop Grumman shipyard here and was one of 7,000 shipbuilders who staged a month-long strike last March to stop the bosses' from taking big health care cuts from workers and their families. Harvey died of heat exhaustion on Monday, July 10, while being recertified at the Training Center (all welders must be recertified every 30 days to keep their Navy certification). Temperatures outside were over 110 degrees. Inside that welding booth, with no ventilation, it was at least 20 degrees hotter.

This is the most glaring example of what life is like for workers here since the strike ended. Workers have faced a series of firings, demotions, layoffs and other reprisals. The bosses are going back over records to review and scrutinize all claims for medical leave, workers' comp, and past time cards. There have been layoffs and firings. Workers face harassment to make up for production delays caused by Katrina, the strike and the reduced workforce. A week after the strike ended even ten supervisors were demoted, nine of them were black. Workers are now subjected to having their cars searched in the parking lot, including the use of dogs. One Latino worker with over twenty years seniority was fired for allegedly having one marijuana joint in his car. After "winning" his job back through the grievance procedure, the company still refuses to take him back.

But this is more than just retaliation. Behind the strike and behind the latest wave of deadly attacks lie growing military and commercial challenges to the U.S. shipbuilding industry, especially from Europe and China.

About a week after the strike ended, Navy Secretary Donald Winter slammed the industry for not investing in U.S. shipyards. He said the Navy had "eroded its expertise in shipbuilding and systems engineering," and "developed a bad habit of relying too much on contractors." He ought to know. Winter is a former Northrop Grumman corporate vice-president and also served as president of Northrop Grumman Mission Systems.

He said the industry must "rethink its production processes... Otherwise, [we] will be stuck with outmoded and inefficient production lines...The current level of investment...is nowhere near adequate to meet our needs today, nor is it sufficient to bring American facilities up to the world-class standards that are evident in a number of European and Asian shipyards." In other words, Northrop Grumman workers are victims of the inter-imperialist rivalry, the struggle between the world's capitalists for markets, resources and cheap labor. And no amount of grievances, contracts or even strikes can smash imperialism and its endless wars.

Workers here must join PLP and help turn it into a mass international communist party, leading millions of industrial workers, soldiers and youth to communist revolution and the seizure of power. The strike last March, against the largest employer in the state, showed the potential power of industrial workers to smash the racist war makers. They shut down a major war contractor in the midst of losing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, leaving the Navy unable to move three ships under construction. A growing circle of CHALLENGE readers here will open the door to revolution, here and well beyond.

LETTERS

Colombia Bosses' Attack Can't Stop Fight-back

Day after day Colombia's working class is a victim of violence, repressed and murdered by a corrupt bosses' dictatorship. This rulers' terror policy -- supported by the bosses' media, church, courts and their paramilitary death squads -- demonstrate bosses' "rule of the law." Amnesty International says Colombia is one of the most dangerous places for workers' struggles. Colombia's National Trade Union School documented 2,245 murders, 3,400 death threats and 138 forced disappearances of trade unionists from 1991 to 2006.

Multinational corporations like Chiquita Brands, Nestlé, Coca-Cola and Drummond Mining have paid death squads to kill militant workers. A landmark trial is starting in Birmingham, Alabama, accusing Drummond of paying paramilitary thugs to kill two union leaders at the company's La Loma coal mine in northern Colombia in 2001. These murders occur alongside massive attacks on jobs, education, health and other past gains workers won through many sharp struggles.

Capitalism considers workers and their families just another commodity to be used, sold and thrown away, reaping huge profits for the bosses. The anti-working class, racist judicial system sanctions these abuses. Now the few working-class students reaching the universities are also being attacked with tuition hikes forced by the government's education budget cutbacks. (See CHALLENGE, 7/18)

The anti-riot cops (ESMAD) have viciously attacked the students' mass protests against these cutbacks with billy clubs, tear gas, rubber bullets, raids of our schools, arrests and even disappearances. The paramilitary has infiltrated our marches. It mirrors killings in Iraq, Mexico, Palestine and El Salvador. Government goons have murdered young fighters like Oscar Salas, Nicolas Neira and Giovanni Blanco fighting to transform society.

But young students, children of the working class, continue with our struggle, raising our fists, fighting alongside parents and teachers during the massive marches protesting the cutbacks. We're showing that the bosses' fascism cannot stop the growing anger and class struggle. PLP members are involved in these actions against cutbacks and privatization of public education. We fight in the schools and the streets, while trying to build our Party as the long-range answer to this murderous capitalist system. CHALLENGE readers and friends are playing an important role. We understand that we are the future of our movement and of the working class, and believe firmly that "those who died fighting live in all of us."

A Student, Colombia

9th Ward Mirrors Rulers' Plan
for All Workers

As a group of students and I toured the levees in New Orleans, capitalism's effects on the city's working class were all too apparent. The Lower Ninth Ward once housed several generations of mostly African-American working-class families. Now it's a ghost town, littered with boarded-up houses and empty residential lots.

The levee system that was supposed to protect the homes in the Ninth Ward from Katrina was far too weak but has been replaced with one just as deficient. On the other hand, the levee system protecting the French Quarter and the city's business district is much stronger and more intricate.

Under capitalism, profit and property are always put ahead of human lives. In the aftermath of Katrina, more than 1,500 workers lost their lives while 250,000 were displaced from their homes. Today, two years later, the majority of these working families continue to be scattered across the country, with no resources to return or to rebuild their homes and lives.

Adding insult to injury, a new memorial built in the heart of the devastated Ninth Ward claims that the rebuilding is "moving forward as promised." Two erected walls painted red symbolize the supposed rebuilding of the community. In the window, a sign from Liberty Bank reads "I am coming home! I will rebuild! I am New Orleans!" But actually the memorial's two walls seem to be the only rebuilding that's occurred in the last two years. All around the memorial, half-collapsing houses and condemned buildings expose the bosses' lies that "all is back to normal" in New Orleans.

The misery in the Ninth Ward reflects the U.S. ruling class's plan for the entire working class. The imperialist wars for profit and empire the U.S. bosses need to fight rival capitalists will mean more blood and suffering for all workers. Only a multi-racial, international communist movement fighting to end the fascism and imperialism crucial to the capitalist war machine will deliver real change for workers, students and soldiers. PLP is working to build this movement, and our work in New Orleans continues to be crucial.

The summer project allowed us to meet many workers open to our ideas because of the first-hand experience with the effects of racism and capitalism. We must introduce communist ideas and continue to support their struggles against fascist attacks.

West Coast Comrades

PL'ers Share Red Ideas With Katrina Victims

During PLP's summer project in New Orleans we've had many great, learning experiences rebuilding homes and talking with the city's working-class residents. One highlight was our conversations with Latino immigrant day laborers we met while selling CHALLENGE outside hardware stores.

We explained that students, teachers and workers from across the country came there to express our solidarity with our working-class brothers and sisters who, after two years of racist neglect by the U.S. government, are still struggling to rebuild their homes. We also shared the Party's analysis of how capitalism puts profits before the needs of the working class, how currently due to an increased inter-imperialist rivalry, the U.S. ruling class is more concerned with funding their wars for oil profits in the Middle East than helping workers.

After Katrina, these day laborers came to New Orleans because they were promised good jobs reconstructing the city. But when they're lucky enough to be picked off the street for short-term jobs, mainly rebuilding projects, they face severe exploitation and anti-immigrant racist abuse. For instance, sometimes they work for weeks, only to be threatened by employers who tell them to leave without pay or deal with the immigration service and possible deportation. The workers said some residents refer to them as "guerrillas" who live in the streets, "taking over the city" and taking jobs from residents who badly need them. The residents making these accusations were black workers, reflecting the bosses' attempt to create a racial division between Latino and black workers as a way of developing fascist control over the U.S. working class that suffers most during times of intensified imperialist conflict.

The day laborers responded well to our communist politics. They agreed with us about the need for revolution, and asked how they could learn more about our Party and how we could help them organize themselves.

These workers are experiencing the worst capitalism has to offer. Many who are homeless also have to deal with loneliness, depression and despair. Some have resorted to alcohol and drugs for comfort. But meeting the Party and learning about our politics of revolution and workers' power seemed to raise their spirits and give them hope.

Several participated in a forum during our project. One worker in particular was reenergized, and spoke to a young, multi-racial audience about his lifelong commitment to communism and how he fought for the FMLN (a national liberation group, now turned electoral) during the civil war in El Salvador. He explained that despite the FMLN leadership's betrayal of the Salvadoran workers' struggle to overthrow the fascist government, he still considered himself a revolutionary communist. After meeting our Party and learning that there's an organization that truly fights in the interest of the working class, it strengthened his hope for a communist future. When an older comrade joked that she was "too old to fight," that it was up to youth to take the lead in building the revolutionary communist movement, the worker quickly responded, "You can still carry a rifle."

We plan to stay in touch with these workers and return in the near future to continue meeting more workers and sharing our communist politics, particularly the need for multi-racial unity among all workers in the fight against capitalism and imperialism.

Red Youth

SICKO Faith in Dems Won't
Fix Healthcare

CNN's recent Wolf Blitzer interview of Michael Moore has become a popular video on the internet. Moore is correct that Blitzer -- who was a journalist in Israel and associated with the pro-Zionist AIPAC lobby -- failed to investigate Bush administration lies about invading and occupying Iraq. 

However, the main reason to watch the interview is for Moore's thinking on which Democrat would best represent the government-paid national health plan he calls for in his movie "Sicko." He mentions Kucinich, who he obviously realizes is a maverick with no major ruling-class support. So he suggests that those favoring national health insurance without private insurance companies write to Hillary Clinton and request her support. Moore says Hillary was "very brave" for raising the issue 14 years ago and hints that she might do so again.

In the film, Moore also presents Hillary Clinton, then the "first lady," as courageous but neglects to mention that her 1993 plan involved employer-based payment to privately-funded HMOs, a far cry from removing profit from health care and from the single-payer system of Canada or Britain. Moore's film is contradictory about Clinton. First he implies that the Republicans and the big insurance companies "shut her up" and killed her plan, but then he acknowledges that she later received large campaign donations from those very same companies.

However, Moore hasn't given up on her or the Democrats. So beyond being an argument for social democracy rather that social revolution, "Sicko" fails as even a strong reformist film, because the party he believes will fight for a decent health care system -- one not run for profit, which covers everyone and provides a high level of care -- shows little inclination to do so. 

A Reader

Bosses Want Racist War,
Not Street Fighting

I was interested to read in Challenge (7/4) about the Oakland teachers' "walk against violence." I attended a somewhat similar "peace walk" and community meeting in a smaller California city, called in response to a series of gang-related killings of black and Latin youth. The walk of about 100 people, led by a group of mothers organized at the Y, stopped at three sites where young people died. It had a mainly religious tone, building small memorials and offering prayers at each site. The community meeting was organized by a group of pastors, who brought together a "panel" to respond to comments and questions from the audience of about 150.

The difference was that both the mayor and the police chief took part in these events, so the description of "racist indifference fostered by the rulers" in the Oakland article doesn't exactly apply here. In part this may be due to these local rulers being committed to the gentrification of the city, which is further along than in Oakland. They don't want the crime rate to lower property values! That in itself -- together with decades of racist neglect of the public schools, which have mainly black and Latin students even though the city is about half white -- shows their profound indifference toward working-class families who can't even afford to live in this city anymore.

But I think something else is going on. With the decline of U.S. imperialism with respect to its many rivals, the main section of the ruling class understands that it needs to mobilize youth -- including unemployed urban working-class black and Latin youth -- for war production and the military. That kind of violence suits them fine! But the young black men at the community meeting were 100% against the Iraq war and had no interest at all in joining the military. They almost all hate the cops. Such profound alienation among unemployed black youth is actually against the racist bosses' core interests.

So, at least in this area, we are seeing more liberal efforts to involve youth in "stopping the violence." The police chief made a point of disagreeing with those who said the violence was "racial" and pointed out that there were as many "brown-on-brown" and "black-on-black" attacks as cross-racial ones. Maybe, but he and the pastors in charge seem to have missed the several dozen Spanish-speaking women who walked out of the meeting because there was no interpreter. A lot of work needs to be done to build multiracial working class unity here!

Then a Y organizer told the youth to "stop hating on the cops -- we all have to work together." That didn't go over too well: half a dozen youths jumped up to respond to her. There wasn't too much enthusiasm for other bogus suggestions like "restore prayer to the schools" and "get the youth back into church" either. On the other hand, people responded well to the idea that it's the racist war system -- not black and brown youth -- that causes the most violence against workers.

The Challenge article from Oakland is right on target when it points to the murderous nature of capitalism, which considers workers' lives cheap - not only in the USA but in every capitalist society on earth. And it's true that PLP needs to win workers away from passivity and to the understanding that we are a potentially revolutionary class. Whether we and our friends organize anti-racist actions ourselves or whether we participate in those organized by others around ideas like religious pacifism, we need to put forward communist ideas to the workers and youth involved in them.

California Red

REDEYE REDEYE

US uses Nazi war crime methods

The president's terminology concerning the still-secret "enhanced interrogation techniques" that he insists are "crucial" to American success, according to the conservative writer Andrew Sullivan of The Atlantic magazine, was originally Nazi. It was used to describe SS and Gestapo practices that in 1948 were determined to have been war crimes subject to the death penalty. (William Pfaff, Tribune Media, 6/22)

Media quiet on capitalist crimes

Perkins is the author of the fabulously successful, and in some quarters revered, "Confessions of an Economic Hit Man," which explains how a cabal of wicked men like him have enabled perfidious corporations to seize control of the planet....

[Perkins writes] This empire "is as ruthless as any in history....It has enslaved more people and its policies and actions have resulted in more deaths than those under the imperial regimes of Rome, Spain, Portugal, France, England and Holland or at the hands of...Adolph Hitler, and yet its crimes go almost unnoticed.... (NYT, 7/15)

New Orleans renters are frozen out

Hardly any of the 77,000 rental units destroyed in New Orleans have been rebuilt, in fact, and the local and federal governments have done almost nothing to make it possible for low-income renters....to return....

For thousands of evacuees like Ms. Cole, going home to New Orleans has become a vague and receding dream....In bleak circumstances, they...have nothing to go back to. (NYT, 7/12)

Black capitalism = black exploiters

Her patience snapped in May when men in red boiler suits came to demolish her home....

They promised me a house, but they say, "Wait, wait, wait," said Mampane. "So I am waiting. But it is not right to come and knock down the house I have before they build me a new one. This is what we expected from apartheid, not from our own government. I think they have forgotten us...."

Hundreds of...protests have spread across South Africa, fueled by anger at the slow pace of change. Thirteen years after the end of apartheid, the poverty gap here remains among the largest in the world....

Where the fault line between the haves and have-nots once ran almost exclusively along racial lines, the ANC's policy of BlackEconomicEmpowerment has created a class of super-rich blacks, many of whom have links to the ruling party....

Smuts Ngonyama, a former spokesman for President Thabo Mbeki, asked to explain why he received shares in a private company while working for the government, said he did not join the struggle against apartheid to remain poor. Tokyo Sexwale, one of the few ANC leaders to have declared that he is running to succeed Mbeki, has also been forced to defend his extraordinary accumulation of wealth. (GW, 7/6)

US equal opportunity is a myth

In America, there is more than a 40 percent chance that if a father is in the bottom fifth of the earnings' distribution, his son will end up there, too. (NYT, 7/13)

US succeeding in wrecking Iraq

Last week Iraq rose to No. 2 in Foreign Policy magazine's Failed State Index, barely nosing out Sudan. It might have made No. 1 if the Iraq health ministry had not stopped providing a count of civilian casualties. (NYT, 6/25)

How wages can kill communism

Switzerland was holding a referendum about where to put nuclear waste dumps. Researchers went door-to-door...and asked people if they would accept a dump in their communities. Though people thought such dumps might be dangerous... 50 percent of those who were asked said they would accept one. People felt responsibility....

But when people were asked if they would accept a nuclear waste dump if they were paid a substantial sum each year (equal to about six weeks' pay for the average worker), a remarkable thing happened. Now...only about 25 percent of respondents agreed. The offer of cash undermined the motive to be a good citizen....

The offer of money, in effect, told people that they should consider only their self-interest. (NYT, 7/2)

Laws won't help workers' strength

Firing employees for endeavoring to form unions has been illegal since 1935 under the National Labor Relations Act, but...employers have preferred to violate the law -- the penalties are negligible -- rather than have their workers unionize....And even when workers vote to unionize, companies can refuse to bargain with them and can drag out the process for years -- indeed, forever....When unions win representation elections, 45 percent of the time they then fail to secure contracts from employers. (LAT, 6/20)

PLP History:
Anti-Vietnam War Era Big Leap Forward for PL

PART X -- CONCLUSION

(Part IX described the last gasps of the movement against the war in Vietnam: the mass upsurge over Nixon's 1970 invasion of Cambodia and the National Guard's murder of four demonstrators at Kent State University, and the ensuing demonstration in Washington D.C. It also highlighted the 1968 racist murders of African-American student protestors at South Carolina State University and then Jackson State -- two weeks after Kent State. The need to intensify the struggle against racism thus emerged as one of the key lessons PLP learned from its participation in the anti-war movement.)

SDS was essentially a single-issue reform organization. It rose to prominence over the war in Vietnam and declined as revisionism (abandonment of communist principles) transformed People's War into armed struggle for tactical advantage through U.S.-North Vietnam negotiations.

Throughout the war, the Progressive Labor Party, which had launched the first mass demonstration against the war in 1964, played a crucial ideological, political and practical role within SDS and the anti-war movement in general. PLP gained experience, advanced its political line and recruited large numbers of students and others to its ranks. Many remain Party members and leaders nearly four decades later. Most importantly, the primary lessons emerging from this historic period of struggle are as valid today as in the 1960's and 1970's, despite many changed circumstances:

*Wars waged by the profit system, whether in Vietnam or Iraq, are neither "mistakes" nor "aberrations" but rather the inevitable products of imperialism at a certain stage of its development. They will rage as long as we allow the profit system to survive.

*The main danger to working-class interests is political and comes from within. Revisionism and nationalism killed People's War in Vietnam, as they destroyed the once-mighty working-class rule in the Soviet Union and China. The only antidote to revisionism is a revolutionary communist perspective, on both long-range goals and issues of the moment. PLP did not fully understand this point during the Vietnam period (we retained an erroneous belief in fighting for socialism instead of directly for communism until the early 1980's). But the experience gained from political and practical struggle during the Vietnam years enabled us to break with nationalism and many important aspects of revisionism and to set the stage for further political advances, notably the document "Road to Revolution IV" a decade later.

*Students can start a movement and can play a vital role within it. However, only the working class has the potential power and the need to transform and lead society. Winning students to ally with workers is thus paramount at every stage of the process.

*A revolutionary communist, pro-working-class perspective requires the constant application of Marxist-Leninist analysis and dialectics, as well as the courageous determination to take initially unpopular positions. Communists are trail-blazers, not camp-followers.

PLP had to fight very hard for aspects of its line during the Vietnam period. Events later proved these ideas to be correct on every major question: opposing the war in the first place, calling for the U.S. to get out of Vietnam rather than to "end the bombing" and "negotiate," identifying Ho Chi Minh and his cronies as revisionists, attacking nationalism, condemning the Paris "peace" negotiations as a betrayal of People's War, etc. This lesson is as important as ever today, symbolized by the current presence of Nike, Ford & Co., invited into Vietnam to profit from the exploitation of Vietnamese workers.

*Class struggle and militancy are inseparable from the battle over correct ideas and politics. As this series has shown, PLP's ideological credibility and strength varied directly with the tactical leadership it provided in scores of battles on campuses from Harvard to San Francisco State. Our success in fighting for our line accompanied our determination to fight the ruling class.

*Liberal politicians and ideologues were then, and remain today, the primary external threat to workers, pro-working class students, and revolutionary communists. The liberal JFK started the Vietnam War. The liberal LBJ prolonged it. Like Bush today, the Republican Nixon justifiably emerged as the politician everyone loved to hate, but the liberal Democrat, "Clean Gene" McCarthy, administered the main body blow to the anti-war movement by successfully channeling student militancy into a dead-end electoral trap. Democratic Party politicians and the bosses for whom they front are setting a similar trap for millions opposed to today's oil war in Iraq. One of PLP's major tasks will be to win large numbers of the war's opponents to break away from Clinton, Obama, Edwards, et al. No capitalist politician is for peace: scratch a liberal and you'll uncover an imperialist butcher.

*Fighting hard over ideas also requires the skill to work with people with whom we have serious disagreements. Everyone, including us, has reformist ideas to a greater or lesser extent. People with bad ideas aren't necessarily enemies. We didn't adequately grasp this concept during the Vietnam period. Fighting the corrupt, right-wing leadership of the SDS National Office was necessary, but in the process, we managed to alienate a significant number of people we could have neutralized if not won over. This may seem like ancient history, but it really isn't. Work in mass organizations is more difficult and complex today than ever, in a period when success is measured by recruits in the single digits. Revolutionary work demands that we perfect the art of struggling over principle while at the same time giving as many people as possible the opportunity to embrace communist ideas and PLP.

*Less talk, more action: FIGHT RACISM!

LESSONS 0F '67 NEWARK REBELLION:
TO ERASE RACISM, DESTROY CAPITALISM

NEWARK, N.J., June 27 -- An integrated group of over 500 people viewed the documentary film "Revolution `67" here tonight. July 12-16 marks the 40th anniversary of the rebellion, and an abridged version of the movie was recently shown on the PBS program "P.O.V." The movie uses actual footage taken before and at the time of the rebellion, pictures from contemporary magazines, and interviews with Newark residents, politicians, community activists, and a few historians to paint a picture of the economic and social conditions that existed in Newark at that time. It is a useful movie, especially for young people who are unaware of the dynamic character of that period of history.

The film is strong in accurately describing what occurred as a "rebellion" against racism. It graphically portrays the N.J. rulers' brutal response -- the deployment of state police and then National Guard units into the city resulting in the racist murder of at least 24 city residents, the arrest and/or wounding of thousands of others, and the trashing of many black-owned stores by the cops.

The film also exposes the racist mythology pushed by the bosses' press at the time -- including the New York Times -- that there were large numbers of "black snipers" firing at the cops and Guard, in what was termed a "race riot." This lie was used to justify the murder of black people. None of the cops, including one caught on camera by a Life Magazine photographer, were even indicted for these horrible crimes.

That said, the film's main weakness is hiding the truth that the whole capitalist system -- widespread unemployment, cop terror, racist housing segregation, etc -- was behind the diverse causes of the rebellion. Newark's manufacturing bosses, in search of maximum profit like so many others in the North and Midwest, began leaving the city in the late 1940s and 1950s. Large numbers of black farmers and agricultural workers from the South began coming to the city for jobs at about the same time. Some of these "migrants" found jobs; many did not.

Blacks moving north found government-encouraged and bank-funded barriers dividing newly-built suburbs from cities with older housing stock. White workers, many of them World War II veterans, whose parents had migrated to the city in the late 1800s and early 1900s, began leaving Newark and other cities in droves. Once Newark's population was mostly black, city services and infrastructure deteriorated sharply. Banks, slumlords and real estate speculators -- with police violence backing them up -- earned extra profits by collecting mortgage interest and rents while at the same time abandoning any pretense of doing necessary maintenance or repairs. Housing segregation -- the material basis for post-Jim Crow racism -- became the stake in the heart of the black and white unity which had emerged under communist leadership from the titanic struggles of the working class during the Great Depression.

Capitalism created the oppressive conditions that made Newark and other rebellions against racism inevitable. Then, after the rebellions, liberal capitalists helped create and fund misleaders from the black community whose job it was to direct black workers into anything but an attack on the capitalist system that caused these problems. These misleaders convinced black workers that racism could be eliminated through reform. Some of them are interviewed and portrayed favorably. Nationalism was also used to fool workers into backing politicians who would protect "their" interests.

The movie also distorts the role of "white radicals" in causing the Newark rebellion. Tom Hayden, a founder of SDS who left the organization before the rebellion, is shown as a key leader, when in reality the uprising was a spontaneous response to systemic racism. The rebellion, however, did occur in the context of a growing movement against racism and imperialism, which included an SDS increasingly influenced by our Party.

PLP has always made the fight against racism an essential part of our leadership of the working class. We have always said that capitalism's need for profit, and to divide those whom it exploits, made slavery and modern-day racism inevitable. Only a working class united against racism has the potential to seize power from the class which promotes it. And only a communist revolution that destroys the material basis for the exploitation of our class can ever consign the bloody history of racism to a distant memory. Join us!