Challenge

July 30

  1. `I know you're sorry Maryann died before you suspended her!'
    1. What Kind of Sick System Is This?
    2. Not Fighting Back Is Suicide
    3. You Have To Join The Party
  2. Cook County Hospital--Bosses Downsize Workers' Health Care
  3. Workers Hate Fascists in Blue
  4. `Those Greedy Bastards at the Top!'
  5. Summer Project Takes on KKK
    1. Views from the Summer Project
    2. NAACP: Pray `em Away
  6. Big Slavemaster Attacks Little Slavemaster
  7. Mark Fuhrman Award
    1. No Justice For Workers Under Capitalism
  8. LA Summer Project Hits Cop Terror
    1. 7 Youth Join PLP
  9. Old Money Whacks Pennzoil Over Getty Caper
    1. New Money Swatted for Sleeping with Rockefeller's Russian Rivals
  10. LETTERS
    1. Chicago bosses destroy transit
    2. Concentration and building a mass Party
    3. Selling Challenges at anti-Fujimorimarch in Lima
    4. Challenge articles distributed in Iran
    5. A communist trip to a park
    6. Teaching communism
  11. Hospital Union Bosses Divert Strike
    1. Doing Business with Workers' Money
  12. `GIs Declare War on the Army' (Overseas Weekly, 1971)
    1. Armed Insurrection for Communism Will Be Led By Soldiers
    2. Worker-Student Unity: PLP Students RejectDraft Deferment
    3. PLP Cut Its Teeth Organizing in the Armed Forces
    4. A Young Comrade Organizes in the Heart of State Power
      1. Black GIs Take the Lead
      2. `I Will Never Forget the Camaraderie of Those Days'
      3. When the Next War Comes, Let the Bosses Beware!

`I know you're sorry Maryann died before you suspended her!'

"I know you're sorry Maryann died before you suspended her!" This anonymous note was left on boss Laura Hedman's desk, after the death of University of Chicago Hospital worker, Maryann Coyle. Maryann's case is as tragic as they come, a textbook case as to why we must destroy the profit system. It is a lesson, a warning, and another reason to join the PLP! Maryann was hired less than a year ago, as an Outpatient Services Representative in the new, state-of-the-art $150 million Center for Advanced Medicine (`S'CAM). She was 37-year old single mom with two young children, her six-year old needed heart surgery. She worked two part-time jobs, rarely getting more than 4-5 hours sleep. Many nights, she would get home at 1:00 am, and return to UCH the next morning. Boss Hedman had beaten Maryann out of holiday pay, and threatened her with a suspension if she took any more time off to care for her sick child. Maryann was too scared to fight back. In fact, she was scared to death. On July 3rd, she had the worst headache of her life. She called her doctor and made an appointment that day. One supervisor told her to go early, but she was afraid of being suspended. She wouldn't go without permission from Hedman, who wasn't around. She missed the appointment. None of the bosses thought to send her to the Emergency Room. She later died from a burst blood vessel in the brain.

What Kind of Sick System Is This?

This is one of the richest hospitals, on one of the richest campuses, in the U.S. It was established by the Rockefeller family, today still the most powerful family in the world. Yet beneath the imported Italian tiles and waterfalls, life is hell for workers and patients. How could a worker, surrounded by hundreds of doctors and millions of dollars of medical equipment and medications, be neglected to death? This is the profit system, comrades, and life is cheap. You punch in, work as hard as you can, and when you drop dead they replace you. If they aren't making money off of you, they get rid of you. And if you let them, they will work you to death. To make matters worse, the billionaires are at each others' throats. From Germany to Japan, from autos to health care, around the world, or within the U.S. , capitalism is in crisis. The bosses are fighting each other for markets, cheap labor, and resources. Fascism, as in Nazi Germany, is the order of the day: falling wages, more work, and slave labor, from "welfare reform" to prison labor. Dog-eat-dog competition is creating regional wars and civil wars around the world. Civil war in the U.S. , and another world war, are on the horizon. Maryann, a white worker, never knew what hit her.

Not Fighting Back Is Suicide

The contract fight that raged from January-April, ended when the union, Teamster Local 743 signed a contract that 75% of the members voted against. At one stormy meeting, workers proposed a picket line at the `S'CAM. Local president Glanton said, "We could get in trouble." While he sits in his $115,000-a-year perch at Teamster City, we are already in trouble. If hundreds of workers had picketed the `S'CAM, maybe Maryann would have had a little more confidence in her co-workers, and a little less fear of Hedman. Maybe she would be alive today. No one will escape fascism--or the coming war. It will not pass you by. No grievance, election, contract, or constitutional amendment will stop it. The only way out is for workers, soldiers, and youth to build a mighty Red Army and destroy the rulers. Under communism, a sick child will be a responsibility shared by all of us. The brutal conflicts between the job and personal problems that we all feel today won't exist. Most importantly, the demands of a sexist society that put Maryann in a no-win situation will be a thing of the past. Under communism, health care will be a need, supplied on demand, not a commodity sold like a car. Under communism there will be no money or wages. Everything we produce, and we do produce everything, will be distributed to the working class based on need. Wage slavery and profits will be buried forever. And the millions of hospital workers, like Maryann, whose job it is to check insurance coverage to make sure the billionaires get their blood money, will have socially useful work that allows them to contribute to their fullest potential.

You Have To Join The Party

The fascist bosses are grinding us up, and we ain't seen nothing yet! We will witness horrors we never thought possible. Those of you reading these words, who get Challenge from someone you know at work, in the barracks, or in the community, must join the Party now! Steel, auto, and aerospace workers, hospital, transit, and postal workers, students and youth all over the U.S. , and other countries, should join the Party to answer Maryann's death. While everyone isn't ready to join the Party now, those who understand more have an obligation to do more and lead others. Your Party, and the working class, need you. "From all according to commitment, to all according to need." Let the bosses tremble at the mighty working class. Let's end this week bigger than when we started.

Cook County Hospital--Bosses Downsize Workers' Health Care

CHICAGO, July 15 -- "This is right on time!" That was a usual comment from the thousands of workers who grabbed the latest edition of CCH Challenge. Several gave donations. One nurse pulled out $7 and said, "I may not be able to come to all your meetings but I really like what you're doing." The newsletter attacked the bosses' downsizing campaign. They are tearing down the public health system that has served poorer workers for most of this century. Public health care has never been any good. It never had adequate support and is sick with the profit system's health care methods. But, it's getting even worse. The end of liberal capitalism and the arrival of fascism in the U.S. is clear from the latest plans at CCH. They will change it from a large hospital which served the poor, into a small teaching hospital for the nearby private Rush University. The capitalists are interested in minimum health care for its wage slaves. When their system is in crisis, they look everywhere they can to cut expenses. That is why their profit system must be destroyed and replaced with communism, the only system that can provide health care according to need. Bosses' Early Retirement Scheme: A Body Blow To CCHThe wrecking balls, which have smashed several of the old buildings at CCH, are not the only destructive forces. Starting in September, 1,500 jobs will be eliminated through early retirement or layoffs. Two weeks ago County Board President John (Strangle 'Em) Stroger issued a job freeze. Now, whenever someone leaves, retires, quits, or is fired, their position is frozen, never to be replaced. This round of layoffs also has a new twist. The bosses are going after doctors, not just hospital workers and nurses. Doctors are expensive and they want to save some of the big bucks they spend on their salaries. The bosses claim patients won't be hurt by a smaller hospital since the clinics will still be open. This is a big lie! Even now, patients wait months for new appointments and important tests like CT scans and echocardiograms. Many workers will sicken or die as they wait for clinic appointments, tests, medicines, operations, and procedures. Many won't come for care because of fear of billing or lack of co-payments. Many become frustrated after waiting for hours and then getting sent home with little or no help. The money saved by eliminating thousands of jobs will go to the bankers who finance the new hospital, and the construction companies which build it. Chicago city bosses are forcing the black workers, who live on the west side, out of their homes. The neighborhood is being gentrified. The rich upper middle class are moving in, drawn by close proximity to downtown, the new Bulls' United Center, new streets, and landscaping, all courtesy of the city. By the time the brand new, pretty CCH is built, the only poor patients let in will be those with especially interesting diseases, or trauma which only the poor can provide to teach the doctors. The Cook County Health Care system exists for profit hungry capitalists: They use it to launder tax dollars for their banker, real-estate, and construction company friends. It is a place that provides patronage jobs for their few loyal servants. When it comes to health care, they will only provide enough to keep the lid on a rebellion, and teach doctor trainees how to practice medicine on poor patients, so they won't make mistakes later when they treat the rich. They have decided that these interests are better served by a smaller CCH. They don't base these decisions on what the workers need, they base it on their needs. That is why we must build the communist movement to smash their racist system. Under communism, health care will be provided to all according to needs. If you're sick, you get care. Not like capitalism where you only get care if you're sick and rich! Workers who took stacks of newsletters are being struggled with to join Challenge Readers' Groups. We are organizing into these Groups to bring communist ideas to co-workers on the job and in the unions. These workers will join the fight against the bosses. As the wrecking ball of capitalism destroys lives, workers are struggling to build a new way of life, communism. u

Workers Hate Fascists in Blue

NEW YORK CITY, July 16 -- Today, Progressive Labor Party made the "outside" issues of racist police murder and the rise of fascism major issues in AFSCME Local 371. When Kevin Cedeno was murdered in April of this year, PLP flyers had been circulated at a number of work sites and at meetings of this Local. After the grand jury declared that no crime had been committed, PLP members in this Local made a plan to do more. Individual and group discussions with co-workers and friends were held. At the Brooklyn Child Support Office the union delegation discussed bringing the Cedeno murder to the Delegates' (shop stewards) meeting in the form of a resolution from our office. At a local office meeting, a PLP member opened the discussion and asked for comments. An immigrant worker from Guyana said "I have four sons. When they are out, I don't rest easy until they return home." Workers commented that their children could be the next police victims. It was decided that a resolution would be made at the monthly Delegates' meeting of our Local. Delegates from other offices were told of the plan and asked to give support. At the Delegates' meeting the following motion was introduced, "Whereas 16 year old Kevin Cedeno was shot in the back by police officer Pellegrini, and whereas as is usually the case, the grand jury has voted not to indict police officer Pellegrini, and whereas youth, particularly black and latin youth, are at risk in dealing with the NYPD, and whereas the failure of the judicial system to punish anyone in this case is a sign of growing fascism, therefore be it resolved that this Local supports efforts to fight such racist assaults and murders." The Local's leadership tried to block a vote on the resolution by declaring that there was no quorum present. Determined to continue, the PLP speaker asked first to speak to the issue and then asked for a "sense of the body" resolution to be passed. Many Delegates nodded their approval of the attack on racist police murders and the development of fascism. Some shouted out names to add to the list of others murdered by the Klan in blue. We remembered Clifford Glover, Randy Evans, James Parrish, Anthony Baez, and Eleanor Bumpurs among others. Most applauded when the PLP speaker pointed out that the issue of racist police murder might seem like an "outside" issue but was of central importance to all of our lives. All but one Delegate voted in favor of the resolution. That person later bought the last copy of Challenge left from the evening's sale; its editorial said that only a communist revolution can end racist police murders.

`Those Greedy Bastards at the Top!'

PHILADELPHIA -- It's quitting time on Friday and the hospital workers leave the building in small groups, talking and laughing. They all frown as the heat outdoors hits them. Some break away to head home, while others wander off to shop. But a few make their way to the Progressive Labor Study-Action Group. Everyone is tired, but we all get re-charged once we start talking. Today's topic is the capitalist crisis of over-production. But don't think that our discussion of this deep subject proceeds with the order of a capitalist classroom. Oh no! Doug is the comrade leading the discussion. He has an outline he wants to use to develop the discussion. Forget it! As Doug introduces each point, the workers jump on it and run. "Production under capitalism is based on profit, not need," Doug begins. Then we all jump as Mona, a hospital worker, suddenly yells, "Those greedy bastards at the top!" Stan and Bob try to quiet Mona, but there's no stopping her. We give up and let Mona get the anger out. When she's done, Doug tries to connect her righteous outburst to the subject. But this time Bob angrily interrupts: "It's ridiculous! Why can't there be a cap on profits? Why does someone need millions and millions of dollars while workers are laid off?" "Yeah, why are they so greedy,?" Mona demands. Stan, a hospital worker and Party member, handles this question. He explains capitalist competition and the need to maximize profits. "Besides," Stan adds, "How would you limit the bosses' profits anyway?" Mona and Bob nod their heads in agreement that the rich own the politicians and the government.

Meanwhile, Doug is trying to figure out a way to steer or wrestle the conversation back to the subject. When Stan, Mona, and Bob finish discussing the capitalists' control of the state, Doug tries again. This time he is allowed to describe the crisis of over production in the auto industry and how mass unemployment and low wages mean the bosses can't sell what their factories make. It creates a problem they can't solve. Doug even attempts to compare it to hospital problems in Philadelphia. Each hospital chain is trying to win doctors and patients from their competition. For example, the Jefferson hospital bosses believe they will be successful because they just won a well known doctor and his patients from a competitor. But each hospital chain is also laying off and cutting wages and benefits. Add this to the other people unemployed and without health benefits, and there are a growing number of people who can't buy this doctor's services. If people can't afford to pay for the healthcare, it doesn't matter how many big doctors the hospital gets. Like the auto industry crisis of over-production, this creates a problem the bosses can't solve. "Well, someone should have an answer!" Bob demands. "We do. It's communist revolution." Doug replies. "We need communism and production based on the needs of the working class. But now comrade Stan interrupts. "Well, one answer the bosses look to is war." And then Stan runs off into a very good discussion about oil and war. For a moment Doug is confused. Comrade Stan just took over leadership of the discussion group. "Now wait a minute," Doug thinks, "Stan is the comrade who said he didn't feel comfortable leading this group right now!" Stan does a fine job however. Doug realizes that that the plan for Stan to take over leading the study-action group just moved ahead a few steps. When Mona, Bob, and Stan are finished, Stan looks at his watch. "Well," he says, "Maybe we should beak up. We were only supposed to meet for a short time and it's been over an hour!" Stan's right. The hour passed quickly. We all agree to meet again in two weeks. u

Summer Project Takes on KKK

NEW YORK, July 20 -- "When I heard that the PLP was organizing to stop the Ku Klux Klan from demonstrating in Long Island, I knew that I had to go. I volunteered to be on the security squad because I like to fight and I wanted to make sure the Klan didn't get the chance to get out one racist word." These words were spoken by a l5-year-old volunteer in the PLP Summer Project, but she spoke for everyone. On Thursday July l7th, we had an opportunity to put our communist ideas into practice in the fight against fascism. We heard on the radio that the KKK planned to rally at a mall in Long Island on Saturday, July 19th. Within two hours of the announcement we had members in the mall scouting the area so we could plan our attack on the KKK vermin. Meanwhile, about 40 youth and adults in the Project met to discuss the political significance of the KKK's attempt to return to public view. Instead of just focusing on the gutter racism of the Klan and the anti-racist history of the working class, we discussed capitalism and the necessity of bringing communist ideas to the workers in Long Island. We questioned how the ongoing splits in the ruling class may affect this appearance. Do some sections of the bosses want open KKK fascists, while others want to keep the pretense of liberalism? Does the Klan make the dominant section of the ruling class look good by comparison? This discussion helped us overcome the fear many comrades had. We realized that our main fear was of the workers in the mainly white suburbs of Long Island. Most did not know that many of these workers have also suffered mass layoffs, pay cuts, and all the other attacks of this fascist period. Our fear became secondary with the realization that the capitalist class was making war on our brothers and sisters every day. We discussed the murders by the fascist NYPD and the inevitable oil war in the Mideast. We tried to put this particular racist event into the context of the current political situation for the world's imperialists and for our class. As a result of this political struggle, we were more committed to the work of building for the anti-KKK protest. We deepened our class hatred and determination in taking on the class enemy in hoods and in business suits. The next day, Friday, we launched three teams to sell Challenge and leaflet. One group went to the mall. A second group held two spirited rallies at a GM plant and a telephone plant in New Jersey, distributing over 65 Challenges and hundreds of anti-Klan leaflets. The third team remained in Brooklyn to visit and invite friends in Flatbush to join us. By Friday night more than forty youth gathered for a barbecue and planning session. Fifty people pledged to join us on Saturday. By then the radio announced the KKK had canceled. A local District Attorney took credit for finding some obscure rule against protesting in masks. The racist punks called their event off once it became clear that the anti-Klan sentiment was loud and strong. Still, we agreed on Friday night to go to the mall on Saturday to lead the anti-racist forces in a victory rally. (Later, we learned that the KKK was reduced to holding a night-time secret crossburning in an isolated woods). When we arrived, before we could even unfurl our banners, the mall security tried to chase us across the street. The local cops, however, immediately told us we had to stay where we were--as opposed to marching into the mall! As the cops quibbled we went to work. We opened two banners proclaiming "Death To The Klan!" and "Honk If You Hate The Klan!" We distributed Challenges and leaflets. As car horns were blaring, our chants filled the air, and cars screeched to a halt to grab our literature. "It was a near riot," exclaimed one participant as we rushed to respond to the tremendous wave of anti-Klan anger. They welcomed the leadership of the communist PLP. Shoppers who were headed for the mall turned instead to our rally. Many joined us, or watched, chanted or gave their names to us to learn more about communism. Meanwhile, our security team, inside the mall, was encouraged at the extent of the talk by shoppers of our rally, and the strong hatred of the KKK. It was an inspiring day for all of us. This weekend gave us all an invaluable lesson in relying on the workers and on communist ideas. It is an unbeatable combination.

Views from the Summer Project

"I could not get over seeing the response from the community. When a group of journalists were taking photographs of a comrade who was holding a red flag, it reminded me of some of the images that I have seen of the revolution. I had a little taste of a future when generations see the picture of this comrade who drove away the KKK from Smithtown." "I was so pumped up when I saw the wonderful response we received from the community. All the cars honked their horns in support. Some people came out from the mall and joined our rally. Many more took Challenge and gave us their names and phone numbers. This rally helped me realize that the working class is really not won to the racist ideas that divide us. Instead many embrace communist ideas, the idea that workers must unite and fight back to struggle against capitalism." "I was really inspired and impressed by the reception we got in Smithtown. I was especially happy to see that many of the people that supported us were white and they still hated the Klan. I think going out there and getting such a good response showed the Klan that they will not be allowed to spread their racist ideas because we will always be in their faces. "

NAACP: Pray `em Away

As part of our investigation for preparation for the anti-KKK rally we called the Smithtown NAACP. They told us they had no actions planned, and said that the best thing was to ignore them. "For example," explained their leader, "the Klan protested outside one of the hotels at our national convention last week in Pittsburgh. They even harassed some of our young members. But we just ignored them and they eventually went away." This is the liberal face of fascism. These groveling agents of the Rockefeller fascists will urge our class to walk calmly into the firing line of imperialist war. On Saturday, once the communist PLP led the way, these bugs scurried into a church to hold a rally and be interviewed by the media to take credit for the change in the Klan's plans. The Sunday papers loyally quoted them and suppressed the role of the communists. We should not be surprised.

Big Slavemaster Attacks Little Slavemaster

QUEENS, NY, July 21--Seven people were arrested yesterday accused of keeping 57 Mexican deaf-mute immigrants under forced slavery. These immigrants, including 12 children, were brought from a village in Mexico, packed like sardines into two Jackson Heights apartments and forced to peddle trinkets in the subways and airports for a pittance. Mayor Giuliani, the NYPD and the Immigration and Naturalization Service have taken credit for exposing this slavery ring. According to the media report on this case, they have become the leading fighters against slavery. Can this be? We don't think so: As Ass't. Attorney General under Reagan, Giuliani was responsible for putting into concentration camps thousands of immigrant Haitians who were fleeing Duvalier's fascism. Mayor Giuliani is proud of being responsible for the biggest workfare program in the U.S. Tens of thousands of welfare recipients are forced to work under this slave labor program for their miserable welfare checks. The INS is responsible for the persecution of millions of undocumented workers all over the U.S., who are forced to work under conditions not too different from those of the deaf mutes in Jackson Heights. And what creates the conditions that force millions to be treated like slaves? The seven arrested in the deaf-mute cases are not different from any other capitalists. The essence of capitalism is that a tiny group of bosses make huge profits from millions of wage slaves (workers). And in this age of growing fascism and war, more workers will be forced to work under conditions not too different from those deaf-mutes. If you want to fight slavery in all forms, fight for communism and join the PLP!

Mark Fuhrman Award

No Justice For Workers Under Capitalism

This week's Fuhrman award goes to Judge Ira Globerman and NYPD cop Paolo Colecchia who killed 26 year old unarmed Nathaniel Gaines. Gaines, a Navy veteran of the Gulf War was shot and killed on a Bronx subway platform on July 4, 1996. Colecchia, a subway cop ordered Gaines off the train after claiming that he was harassing a woman passenger. The NYPD and the medical examiner announced that he was shot in the back. Bronx Judge Ira Globerman sentenced killer cop Colecchia to 1.5 to 4.5 years for 2nd degree manslaughter, and promptly released the killer on bail, pending his appeal. The Gaines' family held hands and wept. "At least he got some time," said the tired victim's father. "We were hoping for the maximum, but at least he got some time." In New York City, most cops who have been brought in front of a judge or indicted for police brutality have been cleared of all charges or given probation. This little slap on the hand is no victory for the Gaines family or the working class. The fact of the matter is that young black and latin men are shot down routinely on the streets: Aswan Watson, Kevin Cedeno, Steve Exceli and to name a few of the thousands killed by cops each year. PLP is in the middle of our Summer Project in New York against racist police terror. There can never be justice for the working class under capitalism. Workers and youth must join and build PLP to destroy capitalist injustice and fight for communist revolution!

LA Summer Project Hits Cop Terror

On June 13 at Markham Middle School the fascist school police forced three students to the floor, cursing and pointing their guns at them. When a student tried to show his pass, the police told him to shut up or he was going to get hurt. On July 16th the LA summer project organized a rally at the school, but we arrived after most students had left. Still, we distributed more than 30 Challenges and passed out many leaflets. A couple joined the picket line because they had seen a leaflet we had passed out in South Central. The man was a postal worker who had seen us passing out leaflets and Challenges at his worksite. On Saturday we visited a woman who had called in response to a leaflet. "I was imagining how the student was thrown to the floor with a gun pointing at his head; this is something to traumatize you," she said to a young LA summer project volunteer. "I understand the role of the police and the courts. I have loved-ones in jail because of them," she added. "This case is not isolated. The bosses build more jails and then force inmates to work under fascist slave labor conditions; they use Workfare to do the same with people on welfare. This is how they are getting the money to prepare for a Word War III," said the young communist. We left five C/Ds and over 20 leaflets. She agreed to go to a forum about police terror and said she would invite friends and relatives. At a second protest over 20 summer project volunteers chanted and gave speeches denouncing this racist attack and proclaiming the need to destroy the system with communist revolution. We passed out hundreds of leaflets and more than 70 Challenges. The workers and students were very happy to see how we defied the racist cops.

7 Youth Join PLP

On Sunday, July 20, the LA Summer Project went to Delano to talk to a veteran PLP member who was one of the original organizers of the Farmworkers Union in the 1960's. He talked about the struggles against pacifism and sell-out union leaders, and invited the youth that were there to join the Party and carry on the struggle for communism. Seven young people took that step. This is a result of this year's political work in Los Angeles, intensified by two weeks of struggle during the summer project. "I always have had communist ideals... now I can express my ideas and emotions for the struggle," said a high school student. "Now that I'm part of the PLP, I can take action," said one young woman. "The capitalist system has too many lies and obstacles for young people like myself," said a young man. "I want to be part of the PLP and get more people involved." These young people have participated with other youth from Los Angeles and other cities on the West Coast in study, struggle, agitation, and mass organizations during the past two weeks. The summer project began with a forum on "What is Communism?" One of the best discussions was about the dream of car ownership under capitalism and what we're fighting for-- a system where everything (including transportation) is collectively owned and serves workers' needs. We have distributed more than 1100 Challenges in the past two weeks, and had two demonstrations at Markham Middle School against the attacks of school police on students. We are planning a demonstration next weekend in one of the neighborhoods where the police are using the "war on gangs" to terrorize all youth. We've talked about how to organize under fascism. When fascism increases we need to be more secretive about our work. We need to recruit more people from mass organizations such as unions and churches to the Party. In the following weeks we will be working harder to figure out how to do this. We are visiting more of our friends to involve them in these activities.

Old Money Whacks Pennzoil Over Getty Caper

Behind the headlines about Clinton's campaign finances and the three-ring circuses in Washington over Gingrich's future, a corporate duel to the death is being waged as you read these lines. It pits Union Pacific Resources against Pennzoil. On July 7, UPR announced a hostile takeover bid against Pennzoil. Behind it rages every major contradiction the PLP has described as the split between "New Money" and "Old Money." The stakes involved are enormous, and the bosses on either side of the struggle will stop at nothing to defend their greedy interests. Pennzoil's founder, Hugh Liedtke, was George Bush's partner in Bush's Texas oil prospecting days. Liedtke dreamed of turning Pennzoil into another Exxon. When Getty oil fell on hard times in the 1980s, Pennzoil tried to buy it out. However, Old Money had other plans as well as state power to carry them out. A federal court zapped Pennzoil's plan by awarding Getty to Texaco. Pennzoil got $3 billion in damages but had to stay in the minor leagues. However, Pennzoil hadn't learned its lesson. By 1994, it had built up an 8.9% stake in Chevron, obviously in preparation for another takeover move. Once again Rockefeller & Co. used state power to squelch the upstart. The Federal Trade Commission and Justice Department stopped the takeover dead by fining Pennzoil $2.3 billion for "non-disclosure." In other words, the Feds confiscated more than 75% of Pennzoil's award from the Texaco fiasco. But Pennzoil still wouldn't go quietly. Like all new capitalists, it needed to grow rapidly or die. So it invested big money in exploring the newly-found oceans of oil under the Caspian Sea. Since Pennzoil doesn't have the clout of an Exxon, it sought tactical alliances as a junior partner with Exxon's European, Japanese, and Russian rivals. This amounts to treason from the Rockefeller viewpoint. Exxon will never passively tolerate the transfer of these strategic assets into enemy hands. The Getty and Chevron spankings hadn't taught Pennzoil its lesson. The time had come to wipe it out. And so the Rockefeller interests enlisted Union Pacific for the hatchet job. Union Pacific Resources is the largest domestic oil company. Its ancestor was the Union Pacific Railroad, one of the Establishment's oldest war-horses. UPR emerged from a 1996 spin-off. The Rockefeller interests must have created it explicitly to wreck Pennzoil. To this day, the Rockefeller family and New York's bluenose Brown Brothers Harriman Bank dominate ownership of the Union Pacific railroad. The baby didn't stray far from the parent. The largest block of UPR stock is owned by Boston's Fidelity, an old-line investment house. In urging Pennzoil's shareholders to sell, the UPR bosses charged that Pennzoil had wasted the $3 billion award from the Texaco fiasco and that it wouldn't have the cash to develop its prize Caspian assets. UPR also demanded to know how Pennzoil would fund its offshore Karbakh Caspian project.

New Money Swatted for Sleeping with Rockefeller's Russian Rivals

What really has the Eastern Establishment bosses hopping mad is Russia's complete control of this deal as it presently stands. Russian and Italian interests control 62.5% to Pennzoil's 30%. Any oil produced in the landlocked region would have to be shipped in Russian pipelines, over Russian territory, guarded by Russian troops. UPR/Rockefeller complain that Pennzoil is handing the Karbakh treasure over to Russian bosses on a silver platter. Also at issue: Pennzoil's auctioning off of its investments in Azerbaijan. All these fields lie within the region Exxon is desperate to develop as a future replacement for limited Persian Gulf oil. Before trying to bail out to the Russians, Pennzoil first tried to sell its Azerbaijan stake to the Japanese. Exxon strong-armed this deal as well and took control of more than half the Pennzoil stake. The more powerful faction of the big bosses is apparently sick and tired of disciplining Pennzoil on a case by case basis. They want to destroy it. If Rockefeller & Co. win, the Oil Patch billionaires will have to step up their fight for survival on every front: political, economic, and military. Their militias are growing, as is the liberal establishment's determination to squash them by any means necessary. Early returns indicate that UPR is likely to win the battle for Pennzoil. Half of Pennzoil's shareholders have accepted UPR's buyout bribe. But the Pennzoil board is loyal to New Money and will fight back. Expect the struggle on this front to sharpen. Even if Pennzoil becomes history, New Money is far from dead. It has a counter strategy of its own, which includes penetrating eastern markets that have been Rockefeller hunting preserves until now. For example, on July 15, the Nebraska-based Calenergy Corporation announced a hostile takeover bid against New York State Electric and Gas, a utility company in upstate New York. The domestic oil and gas gang clearly want to horn in on their rivals' eastern energy interests. This is a direct challenge to the Old Money Cabot Corporation, which has had a virtual monopoly on gas imports in the Northeast. Cabot/Rockefeller aren't going to roll out the red carpet for this one. As the economic war among these bosses sharpens, both sides will work overtime to win workers' support for their greedy plans. We must learn to recognize the essence of these developments in order to understand our own class interests and avoid falling into the traps set for us by either faction of the ruling class. Only a communist outlook and our Party can guarantee this.

LETTERS

Chicago bosses destroy transit

Dear Challenge:

"Let us in, let us in," chanted more than 300 riders and drivers at CTA's June 30th hearing on its proposed service cuts. The sham hearing began promptly at 6p.m. The workers couldn't get in because there were over 700 angry workers already inside. This was a total shock to CTA's bosses who are used to having little if any participation by the working class. As soon as the CTA bosses opened the doors to the meeting inside, the drivers that were present received a standing ovation from over 700 riders inside the auditorium. As worker after worker testified about how they would be affected by the cuts, the bosses were in further shock as the workers kept them there until one in the morning with their testimony. The next day Mayor Daley met with his hand picked board and said that he supported the cuts. A week later, despite a spirited protest organized by riders and drivers, the CTA board did as they were ordered to do by Daley and voted for the cuts. The cuts involve the elimination of much of CTA's overnight and weekend service, in addition to the elimination of 16 weekday routes. The CTA bosses line is that the cuts will only affect 3.3 per cent of the ridership, so while in the past no CTA route was further away than three blocks, the boundary now becomes a four to six block walk or miles at night if your route has been cut. For late shift workers, senior citizens and the disabled this only increases the hardships involved, especially if there is no bus or train to catch at all. The cuts are supposed to erase a $62 million defecit, but money is constantly being wasted. $106 million was spent on a new farecard system which rarely works; the reason was to eliminate ticket agent jobs. $15 million are being spent to buy cloth seats, plexiglas panels, and new PA systems for the trains, while night service is being cut on some lines to save $2 million. A coalition of groups including the Rider-Driver Unity Alliance is continuing the struggle .

CTA Driver

Concentration and building a mass Party

Dear Challenge:

Recently, a Party veteran made the point that communists should concentrate on the most advanced workers around us. A second writer strongly disagreed, calling it "Preaching to the Choir"--saying that we should be winning all workers, not just the few. Second Writer indicated it was a kind of elitism, going against the strategy of a mass Party, if we concentrate on the most pro-communist workers. Second Writer is correct in saying that we should reach out to all workers. But Second Writer missed the main point and is making a very common error that feeds anti-communism. We should concentrate on the most advanced people for two reasons. Strategically, we have to concentrate our work on some people; we can't work "equally" with everyone. That goes against a scientific approach, a "principle of concentration" that we know to apply in everyday life. It is like trying to chop down trees in a forest by taking one swing of the ax at a tree and then moving on to the next tree. It will take a long time to get any trees chopped down! Beyond this, there is another point. We concentrate because we must win more workers to become organizers. Our Party is currently too small to lead six billion people to communism! We need to train more workers to be leaders of the Party in order for the Party to grow. And the newer members will also be able to influence and win those that they have personal ties with. Winning more workers to the Party is the best way to oppose elitism! Of course, we need to be accurate in how we see other workers; we want to avoid the mistake of concentrating on someone who might just like to talk about politics while ignoring another worker or student who talks less but acts more like a communist. Focusing on the strongest potential organizers is the best way to build the communist movement in quantity and in quality. In my own work as a teacher for 20 years, I have often tried to focus on the strongest, but have often fallen back into concentrating too much on moderate students rather than the most pro-communist. The result was that I had a huge base-- too much for me to keep up with--did some recruiting, but the work was very uneven. Since the inner-Party struggles on revolution versus reform sparked by the document we call "RR 4.5", our collective has focused more consistently. Challenge sales are way up and holding, and the recruitment of new members has significantly improved in both numbers and in the strengths of the newer members. Our collective, along with the rest of the party, has a long way to go. Staying focused on the main task, winning workers to become organizers for the Party and communism, is why the working class needs a revolutionary communist Party and has such a Party--the PLP.

Red Teacher

Selling Challenges at anti-Fujimorimarch in Lima

Dear Challenge:

On July 17th, 20,000 workers marched for jobs, higher wages, freedom of press and for the end of the Fujimori regime. The march was part of a one day national strike organized by the CGTP (The General Federation of Workers of Peru). The march began in the May 2 Plaza of Lima. When workers marched by the Justice Ministry they chanted against it. The angry and militant workers also broke through the police blockade which tried to stop them from going to Plaza de Armas, in front of the government palace, where workers got even angrier. It is good to see workers losing fear and fighting against the repressive and anti-working class Fujimori regime. Challenge-Desafío was sold, and many workers welcomed it. There is a power struggle here between different bosses. Workers, the gravediggers of capitalism, have to take advantage of this dogfight, as PLP needs to put forward communist politics. Right now, the protests are reformist and framed within the bourgeoisie legalisms. Workers need to organize themselves into a communist Party to demolish the capitalist system and install the dictatorship of the proletariat instead of letting the union hacks and politicians take advantage of our struggles.

A Comrade, Peru

Challenge Responds:

The comrade took a great step in making sure workers fight for communism by bringing Challenge to the demonstration. But we must also show workers that the CGTP leaders' purpose in organizing the protest and march are contradictory to the real needs of workers. The hacks want us to side with the capitalists (and even U.S. ambassador Dennis Jett) who have found Fujimori and his Rasputin, Vladimir Montesinos, to have outlived their usefulness, particularly when they started buying Russian MiGs and dealing with Japanese capitalists. To take any side in this bosses' dogfight is deadly for workers. We need to take advantage of their infighting to destroy all the capitalists and imperialists.

Challenge articles distributed in Iran

Dear Challenge:I am currently living in Europe, and I read Challenge regularly. I have a number of friends with whom I discuss Challenge, and I am inspired to find a group that holds high the banner of revolutionary communism today. Originally, I came from Iran. After reading Challenge for several months, I began to translate articles into Farsi, the language of Iran. Through some friends, I have been able to secretly get these articles from Challenge into Iran. Recently, hundreds of copies of these articles were distributed to workers in a city where the oil industry is located. I will continue working to spread communism to workers in Iran and in Europe, and I look forward to meeting with party members sometime in the future. Long live revolution!

A Friend and Comrade

A communist trip to a park

Dear Challenge:

Almost 300 workers, youth and children (many who had marched last May Day in Washington, DC), enjoyed a day trip to a state park. We took collective hikes, walks around the lake, boat rides and refreshing dips into the swimming pool. Amid games, food and laughter, some small advances were made for PLP and the working class. Three workers decided to attend an international PLP cadre school to be held in September. Two workers agreed to meet with a Party club/study group. A member will help organize a new study group made up of his family members. A young man who was shot in the back by racist cops, and his mother, expressed interest in our young workers/student club. These youth are involving themselves in school and community groups fighting police brutality and learning to raise the ideas of PLP. On the buses going to and from the park, we distributed 125 Challenges, 75 PLP pamphlets "Workfare: Slave Labor U.S. Style," and 200 PLP leaflets denouncing the freeing of racist cop Pelligrini (who killed Kevin Cedeno last April). It was a good day,

NYC Comrade

Teaching communism

Dear Challenge:

On the first day of class in a college in El Salvador, we discussed the program of the course. The course is "The psychology of work." We spoke, among other things, about the motivation for working. What makes a person motivated to work? What factors determine this motivation? Some mentioned that work must be stable. Others said that the job had to be matched to the person's capability. Others said it had to pay a good salary. Then we asked why people who made a higher wage and had a standard of living that was better than others continued to work with the same motivation as those who earn less money. Or why some who earn higher salaries actually work less than those who earn lower ones. We decided that money did not make someone more motivated to work. I asked the question, "How would life be without money?" Some were very surprised by the question, and others said they had never thought about it. "Do you think that this is possible?" I asked them. The students were very interested and the discussion became very lively. We talked about primitive communism and how needs were met without money. Today lots of money is in circulation, but the needs of the majority are not met. There's hunger, poverty, unemployment. Because only a small group enjoys the fruits of the labor of the great majority. "I think money is not the priority," concluded one student. So I said, "It's necessary to change things, but we have to fight for that, to fight for communism, for a world without wages or money."

Red Teacher

Hospital Union Bosses Divert Strike

QUITO, Ecuador -- For three months, hospital workers have been on strike here. The government blames the unions for not negotiating. The unions are refusing to negotiate not because they are defending the interests of the workers, but because two different groups of opportunists are competing for control of the unions. The fake-leftists of the Popular Democratic Movement (MPD) have formed a United Healthworkers Union to compete with the old "Communist" Party-controlled union, Federation of Health Workers (FETSAE). The FETSAE used to have sole control of the health workers unions. The fight is so sharp that on July 15th, both sides fought each other with rocks, sticks and firebombs, and the cops had to intervene.

Doing Business with Workers' Money

Neither side cares about the workers' interests, all they want is the millions workers pay in union dues. For example, the MPD already controls the teachers' union, one of the biggest in Ecuador. A former teacher, Juan José Castello, invested the teachers' pension fund in the Filanbanco bank. Last year, Castello, who is now a lackey of President Fabian Alarcón, ran for President. His campaign was financed by Filanbanco. PLP has distributed 5,000 leaflets in Quito and Guayaquil, the two largest cities of Ecuador, exposing these union bosses and their schemes. Our exposé was well-received by workers. In Guayaquil, at first some workers thought we were fake-leftists like those of the MPD and CP, and told us that if we had not put forward our communist politics clearly, they would have beaten us up, "because we don't want those traitors from MPD and CP. "We called on them to join the PLP and fight for the only solution to the capitalist system that produces such parasites: a communist society without bankers, bosses, union hacks and their money. u

`GIs Declare War on the Army' (Overseas Weekly, 1971)

(The following quotes are from Challenge, 1981)

"Even this bosses' paper (Overseas Weekly) had to admit the obvious. There were at least two soldier rebellions every week during the summer of 1971, according to official army reports... Seven thousand GIs were thrown into the stockade in 1971... Upholding the racist tradition of the services, black and Latin GIs were twice as likely to be incarcerated for twice as long... This strategy backfired. Every major stockade revolted. Outraged at the beating of a black inmate, black and white troops rioted, holding the Ft. Bragg (NC) stockade for 48 hours on July 23, 1968 in one of the first major rebellions. The 82nd Airborne had to be diverted from Vietnam to quell the revolt. The famous rebellion at the Long Binh Jail in Vietnam was also caused by the beating of a black inmate. The place was burned to the ground..." Masses of white GIs took leadership from militant black GIs who led stockade uprisings and shot down their commanding officers.

Armed Insurrection for Communism Will Be Led By Soldiers

These facts expose a fundamental contradiction. The capitalist armed forces represent the iron fist of the ruling class, but they also are its "Achilles' Heel." The essence of communist revolution will be armed insurrection, led by soldiers and sailors of the bosses' own armed forces. "We have studied rebellion and revolution in the Russian Imperial Army and Navy, among the invading imperialist armies in the USSR, and in the U.S. Armed Forces during the Vietnam era. In each case, relatively young, inexperienced comrades were able to organize massive rebellion in the midst of imperialist war... The Bolsheviks were, however, the only party able to turn this good situation into a socialist revolution... Their success, however, cannot be explained primarily by better organization. The Bolsheviks had the best line because they had the most confidence in working class soldiers and sailors. They won these troops to revolution, not to reform of capitalism."

Worker-Student Unity: PLP Students RejectDraft Deferment

PLP was organized by a small handful of comrades in 1965. In 1966, we sent our first organizers into the Army. At the time, pacifism, draft dodging and draft resistance were popular. Our Party rejected these ideas. College students in the Party refused the accept the `2S' student deferment from the draft. " `The PLP has been particularly active in encouraging members to join the services,' said GI activists in Germany."

PLP Cut Its Teeth Organizing in the Armed Forces

We made reformist errors, however. We organized against imperialist war, against racism, and against harassment of soldiers. We recognized the key role of Challenge-Desafio and communist ideas, but we did not put first and foremost the slogan "Turn the Guns Around; Shoot the Bosses Down." Who knows what opportunities were missed because of our reformism in that crucial time? Still, there is much that can be learned from the experience of our GI comrades during the Vietnam period. The following story was written by a comrade who was in the army stateside in 1973:

A Young Comrade Organizes in the Heart of State Power

"We had been distributing literature explaining the class nature of racism and the need for multiracial unity against the brass for the past 6 months. Among this literature were 50 Challenges per issue. My company had been out in the field for three days. The foxholes we had been ordered to lay down in had been turned into swimming pools by the incessant rain. We were all angry as hell. Some of us were trucked back to the barracks. Our Captain "All-swine" Alwine ordered us to get haircuts before returning to camp. Nobody wanted to do it. Many black soldiers complained that nobody on base knew how to cut their hair. Following their lead, white soldiers also refused. The lifers immediately split us up into two groups, one black and one white. They ordered us into the trucks. A few of us organizers scurried between them."

Black GIs Take the Lead

"Then it happened. All the black soldiers got out of their truck and boarded the truck with their white buddies. Hugs and `power' handshakes were exchanged as well as heartfelt vows to fight the brass together. We commandeered the truck, kicked the lifers off, and sped back to camp. It was night when we arrived. Our comrades had built small fires to dry themselves as they stood watch on the perimeter. We went from blaze to blaze, picking up more soldiers as we went. After circling the camp we headed for the captain's headquarters. He must have seen us because he sent the chaplain out to run interference. The chaplain told us we were violating God's word. We told him to go to a place where God is reputed not to be. I don't know if he took our advice, but he sure left in a hurry!"

`I Will Never Forget the Camaraderie of Those Days'

"We caught the captain in his tent. More than 50 of us, black, latin and white, presented our list of anti-racist demands: no bad discharges, no job discrimination, no riot control, no article 15's, no racist slurs from lifers, no genocidal war, and, of course, no haircuts! We retired to the heated officer's tent--no more wet foxholes for us! The commanding lieutenant of my platoon, a recent ROTC grad, ordered us out to the perimeter. One GI, recently returned from Vietnam, asked him where he hailed from. `Idaho,' replied the `lieuy. ' The Vietnam vet shot back, `Where I come from, we eat people from Idaho!' The `lieuy' left-for good. I will never forget the camaraderie of those days. The grandeur of these rank-and-file soldiers uniting to fight the racist brass surpasses every Hollywood war epic."

When the Next War Comes, Let the Bosses Beware!

Although the stakes are high during wartime, the bosses are also at their most vulnerable. As world war and possibly civil war edge closer, we are learning. The next time around, PLP will be ready.